"Cumulative Culture"

Question 1

How did chimps perform on the puzzle box task?

Answer 1

4 made it to stage 2, 1 made it to stage 3, and the demonstrator was no help.

Question 2

How did capuchins perform on the puzzle box task?

Answer 2

2 made it to stage 2 and none made it to stage 3.

Question 3

How did children perform on the puzzle box task?

Answer 3

At least 2 out of 5 kids in more than half of groups made it to stage 3, and some children solved 2 and/or 3 in most groups.

Question 4

What 5 things were observed in children’s learning only?

Answer 4

Teaching, communication, observational learning, pro-sociality and gesturing.

Question 5

Did chimps show any social learning?

Answer 5

Only at stage 1.

Question 6

What behaviours positively correlated with success?

Answer 6

Instruction, “matching” gestures, prosocial receival of reward and being scrounged from.

Question 7

What was hypothesised but not observed?

Answer 7

Effect of scrounging, dominant monopolisation, ignoring lower ranks and conservatism.

Question 8

Which group sought to access the highest level food?

Answer 8

Chimps.

Question 9

How much did social support affect success?

Answer 9

All children who got to stage 3 received at least one social support, but most record at least 2.

Question 10

What processes, which are results of social cognition, are viewed as most important to cumulative culture?

Answer 10

Imitation, verbal teaching and pro-sociality (and observational learning).