Cumulative Countries

Question 1

Maoism differed from Marxism because

Answer 1

Mao wantted to preserve China’s peasant-based society. Instead of industrialization Mao was interested in promoting agriculturally based communities.

Question 2

Market-based Socialism

Answer 2

Xiaoping incorporated market-based socialism in order to incorporate capitalism into China’s economy.

Question 3

Marx’s view on women in society

Answer 3

Marx believed women should have complete economic, social, and political equality.

Question 4

Communist countries and women’s rights

Answer 4

Until the late 20th century women in communist countries were most likely to work outside the home. Therefore slightly more rights

Question 5

Central Planning

Answer 5

The communist ideology that led to political economies, in which private property and market mechanisms were replaced with allocation of state resources.

Question 6

Central Planning had these 2 issues

Answer 6

Logisitical difficulties - planning a fucking economy is difficult.

Lack of worker incentives, because works have no fear of losing their job.

Question 7

BRIC

Answer 7

the fast growing economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. These countries are demanding more global policy making power

Question 8

Yeltsin? What did he do for Russia?

Answer 8

Former memebr of the prolitburo and first president of Russia. Used “shock therapy” reforms to point russia in the direction of democracy and free-market. Often revered to Authoritarian rule and allowed oligarchy to form. This oligarchy turned out to be corrupt

Question 9

Putin

Answer 9

Centralized power. Aggresivelt reduced influence of oligarchy. More conservative than Yeltsin, many believed Putin retrieted from Yeltsins commitment for a democratic government

Question 10

Stalin changed the USSR’s political system from what to what

Answer 10

Democratic centralism to totaltiarianism

Question 11

Russia has a history of what type of rule

Answer 11

Authoritarian

Question 12

Constitution of 1993 in Russia

Answer 12

Set up democratic structure in Russia. The PResident’s power was checked by popular election and the lower house of legislature called the Duma. 3 branch government with president, prime minister, a lower legislature and a constitutional court.

Question 13

The legitamacy of the 1993 Constitution has been challenged in what way? What event has reinforced the constitution’s resilience?

Answer 13

attemped Coups and tension between Yeltsin and the Duma. The smooth transition of power from Yeltsin to Putin has reinforced the Constitution’s resilience.

Question 14

Historical influences that shape the modern political system of Russia?

Answer 14

1. Absolute, centralized rule
2. Heterogeneous population (impossible to seperate different ethnicities by border since population is blended)
3. Slavophile vs. Westernizer - Slavics have pride in their culture and want to resist western influence by isolation. Tsar Peter the Great first used western model to modernize Russia with a stronger army, a navy, and infastructure.

Question 15

Religion of Russia? What did this relgion cause Russia to do in response to the flourishing Western religious activities? How did relgion effect state?

Answer 15

Russia ignored the enlightenment, scientific revolution, Renaissance. No seperation of state and church

Question 16

Russia values this over equality of oppurtunity

Answer 16

Equality of result

Question 17

Russian people and skeptism of power. Who do Russian people like? What/ Who do they distrust

Answer 17

Overwhelmingly approve of Putin. Do not have confidence in police, Duma, army generals, entrepeneurs, media personalities

Question 18

Russia has failed to change through this process. As a result when Russia tries to change through this process it often lead to this. Example

Answer 18

Russia, in contrast to Britain, has had a difficult time reforming. Russia has a tendency to fall to chaos or resort to revolution. Example: Gorbachev’s attempt to reform Russia’s political and economic systems failed, and change came abruptly with the failed coup d’etat and collapse of the Soviet Union

Question 19

Tsarist Rule in Russia

Answer 19

• Tsars headed the Russian Orthodox Church
• Peter the Great and Catherine the Great emphasized slavic roots and tolerated western reform
• Decembrist Revolt of 1825, Russian intellecutals thought that the Tsar’s absolutism restricted the growth fo western political institutions from comming into Russia. This revolution failed
• Crimean War lost by Russia convinced tsar’s critics Russia was backward/

Question 20

Gosplan

Answer 20

Central State Planning Commision. Under Stalin Gosplan because the nerve center for the economy and determined production of virtually all goods in the Soviet Union

Question 21

Khrushchev? What did he do

Answer 21

Emphasized destalization, lossened government regulation of press, decentralized economic descision making, relaxed tensions between the US.

Question 22

Gorbachev

Answer 22

More liberal and open to western-style reforms than any of his predessors. Has three ring system if reform

1. Glasnot
2. Democratization
3. Perestroika

Question 23

Glasnost

Answer 23

Translates to openness. Open cirticism of the government and discussion of politics, social, and eocnomic issues. Lead to open revolt.

Question 24

Democratization reform under Gorbachev

Answer 24

Maintained USSR’s current strucuture but included elected Congress of People’s Depties and a new President position selected by Congress.

Question 25

Perestroika

Answer 25

Gorbachev’s most radical and also least successful reform. Maintaine old Soviet structure whil transferring economic power to private hands and market eocnomy. Authorized privately owned companies, penalties for underperforming factories, price reforms, and encouragement of joint ventures with foreign companies

Question 27

Cleavages in Russia

Answer 27

1. Nationality - Russia has a significant amount of non Russians. These cleavages determine the organization of the country into a “federation” with autonomous regions. Russia will not let Chechnya secede, because other regions will follow
2. Religion - Primarily Russian Orthodox, but also Roman cathlics, Jews, MUSLIMS. Muslims rely in the Caucasus region
3. Social Class - New eutrepeneurs have emerged after the fall of the Soviet Union
4. Urban/Rural - Due to Stalin’s industrialization, a majority of Russians live in the city. City dwellers are more educated.

Question 28

Russian Caucasus

Answer 28

Area between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Home to muslims in Russia

Question 29

Present day beliefs held by Russians

Answer 29

1. Mistrust of government - political opinion polls (new in Russia) reveal a mistrust of government officials. Russians want free elections and individual civil liberties and rights, but do not believe Russian officials can accomplish these. Alienation is represented by low Russian involvement in interest groups such as trade unions compared to the days of the Soviet Union
2. Statism - Russians have historically taken the role of participants instead of subjects. Citizens still aspect government to take an active role in their lives.
3. economic beliefs - Nearly all parties and electoral groups support the market transition, but some are less satisfied
4. Westernization - Slavophile vs. Westernizer. The issue that divides some political parties. National parties emphasize Slavic culture.