Culture and Modern Society (Ch. 3)

Question 1

social interaction

Answer 1

holds society together by creating roles that create cohesiveness in society

Question 2

components of culture

Answer 2

symbols, value, norms, sanctions, artifacts

Question 3

values

Answer 3

• standards of behaviour (ie. gender -> androcentric/male-centered vocab, race -> racialized terms to negatively reference someone, class -> “white trash”) - come from and support socioeconomic formation

Question 4

sanctions

Answer 4

consequences (ie. shunned if you steal friend’s watch)

Question 5

artifacts

Answer 5

important aspects of material culture

Question 6

dialectics of culture

Answer 6

• interaction between material culture (tech) and non-material culture (values and norms) - pop culture comes from history but transforms it - pop culture -> opposing forces -> record companies and music piraters

Question 7

materialism

Answer 7

combines means of production and mode of production (material culture created overtime through our cultural values)

Question 8

means of production

Answer 8

THINGS people use to produce what we need to survive (ie. trees, land, tools, etc.)

Question 9

mode of production

Answer 9

LABOUR used to produce what we need to survive

Question 10

socioeconomic formation

Answer 10

combines mode, means, and relations of production (main goal = survival)

Question 11

Spiral of modern society

Answer 11

innovation and discovery -> mode of production -> social relations of production/culture

Question 12

hunting and gathering period

Answer 12

• no inequality - gendered division of labour, limited warfare -> proves we aren’t innately unequal/warlike -> it’s a recent development we learned through society

Question 13

productive property/private property

Answer 13

part of means of production, gives one power (ie. factory)

Question 14

surplus

Answer 14

• what is produced beyond what is required to live - appropriated by owners/non-producers -> profit

Question 15

social class

Answer 15

groups of people who have different relationships to means of production

Question 16

structured inequality

Answer 16

unequal distribution of resources (material, political, symbolic, etc.)

Question 17

agrarian period

Answer 17

• advanced tools/processes - beginning of slavery - emergence of profit power, domiance, and social inequality (qualicative change from hunting and gathering)

Question 18

progression of economic forms (arrow diagram)

Answer 18

1 - tribal-based social organization (artisan production, limited concentration of wealth, relgious based authority) 2 - class-based social relations (machine production, concentration of wealth, waged labour, maximum efficency)

Question 19

ethnocentrism

Answer 19

seeing the world in terms of our own culture; believing the way our culture does things is normal/superior

Question 20

exogamy

Answer 20

seeking marriage partners outside of local band

Question 21

Neolithic revolution

Answer 21

shifting to using domestic plants and naimals as a major food source rather than wild plants/aniomals

Question 22

class conflict

Answer 22

occurs because of opposing interests of owning and producing classes (structural nature, not personal)

Question 23

hegemony

Answer 23

when values created by ruling class come to be seen as normal -> ruling class can maintain dominance