Culture and Identity Flashcards
Giddens and Sutton (2017)
‘primary identity’ (primary socialisation), ‘secondary identity’ (secondary socialisation)
Dwight MacDonald
Herbert Gans
Barrie Thorne
Kath Woodward
Cooley (1902)
Looking-glass self
We develop our self-identity through how we think others view us.
Jenkins (2008)
ID still rooted in groups/experience – no change
Bordieu
Middle class success is a result of high cultural capital. Wealthy children are socialised by parents to appreciate high culture. (Marxist)
Oakley
Parents socialise boys and girls differently
Mac & Ghaill
‘Crisis of masculinity’
Goffman
‘All the world’s a stage’- front stage is how we present ourselves to everyone, backstage is private, only VIPs allowed
Giddens (detraditionalisation)
Globalisation challenges our traditions
Mead (1963)
I/Me/Self
Me= how we are defined in specific social roles
I= self-opinion based on others’ reactions
Lawler (2014)
Becker (1963)
Bauman (2004)
Postmodernist: fixed social group identities becoming
Woodward (2003)
individual identity = self definitions, name/passport/DNA/histories/relationships
Parsons (1951)
Functionalist: primary socialisation crucial – adapting newborns into social being, school bridge between particularistic values/ ascribed status and universalistic/ achieved
Durkheim
Functionalist: schools ‘society in miniature’, religion provides beliefs/codes which unite – social harmony and value consensus
Scott (1991)
Traditional upper class subculture includes: primary/secondary socialisation into attitudes/networks (school, ‘old boys’), military service, domestic staff, high culture, codes/etiquette, leisure (hunting, racing, Wimbledon), sense of leadership/superiority
Murray (1989, 1990)
New Right: characterised: family instability, ‘yob culture’, crime/benefit cheating, educational exclusion, work shy
Clarke & Saunders (1991)
Class as form of identity has declining importance, fragmented, replaced by other influences
Connell (1995)
Feminist: ‘hegenomic masculinity’ (sexuality, dominance, aggression)
Oakley (1972)
Feminist: children socialised into gender identities in family via manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellations, differential activity exposure
Butler (1990)
Feminist: gender/desire fluid/flexible, gender is a performance (‘performatively constituted by the very ‘expressions’ that are said to be its results’), deconstruct hegemony by subverting gender
Sewell (1996)
black identities reinforced coping with racist teachers
Modood et al. (1994)
interviews/group discussions exploring meaning of ID of Asian groups (largest = Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani) – associated with arrange marriage, Bollywood, Bhangra music – differing language, dress, diets, religions, religious institutions, holidays
Fanon (1952)
‘Black Skin, White Masks’: re. oppression of black people – ‘White Masks’ = self ID of black people – survival strategy – denial ethnicity/adopt dom white culture to achieve social acceptance (can apply to all ethnic minorities)
Hall (1992)
nations = shared stories/symbols/experiences – draw on for identity (e.g. flag, festivals, heroes, music). Hybridity = global significance of events/reporting, diverse food, travelling & immigration, EU/Euro. Nationalism vs globalisation
Shakespeare (1998)
disability = social construction – ‘people become disabled…because they have physical or mental differences from the majority’, ‘…relationship between people with an impairment and a society which discriminates against them’
Lyotard (1984)
metanarratives no longer explain ID – fluidity
Bradley (1994)
identities via globalisation = ‘pick ‘n’ mix’ – cultures in contact. social inequalities important but weakened influence – more fluidity – still constraints on choice
