Crime and Deviance Flashcards
2020 Crime statistics by ethnicity
75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White.
Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions
Gender and Homicide Victims
75% homicide victims are male
Gender and prosecution
Males more likely to be prosecuted for crimes
Green Crime
Environmental crimes
e.g. company not following environmental regulations
Human Rights Crime
E.g. Murder, torture, sexual violence, holding prisoners without trial
Social Control
Ways in which a society tries to prevent and sanction behavior that violates norms
Adler (1975) The increase in female criminality
Rise in female crimes because of women entering workplace and male-dominated places, making them more masculine
Potter (2010) Indirect damage done by ‘green crime’
Less powerful countries are pressured by more powerful countries, making them more likely to become victims of green crime
Gilroy (1982) The Myth of black criminality
Statistical differences in crime statistics are as a result of racist police forces and racial labelling
Castells (2000) Organized crime and globalization
Increased globalisation has led to international crime increases in 4 major crimes- drugs, people trafficking, cyber crimes and terrorism
General New Right perspective on crime
Crime should be blamed on individuals rather than their social context. Punishments should be tough. People who have different family structures more likely to commit crime
General Functionalist perspective on crime
Limited amount of crime necessary for social change. 3 Positive outcomes of crime- regulation, integration and change.
Durkheim
‘Anomie’- state of disorder or chaos- more likely to commit crime because too many freedoms. Institutions are necessary to maintain order. Crime is inevitable because not everyone is committed to shared values. Crime would still exist in a ‘society of saints’ because mistakes are inevitable.
General Feminist views on crime
Women are more likely to be victims of crime (domestic violence) because of patriarchal values of masculinity and poor treatment of women.
General Marxist views on crime
Laws are created by upper classes to subjugate the working- ‘social control’. Encouraged revolution.
General Postmodernist views on crime
Lack of metanarratives (shared ideologies) makes it difficult to have value consensus, leading to more crime. However globalisation of protest means that countries or nations are less likely human rights offences due to growth of awareness.
Baudrillard
Lack of separation between reality and media create ‘hyperreality’ where lines become blurred and deviant behaviour is more acceptable (e.g. violent video games)
Kinsey (1984) The Merseyside crime survey, class and victimization
Working class are more affected by crime than the wealthy eg. wealthy more likely to have insurance so they don’t get as economically hurt
Young (2003) Underclass criminality and
social exclusion
Myth of the equal victim, poorer people are hit much harder by crimes
Hall et al (1978) ‘Policing the Crisis’
Neo-Marxist
Media reports of increase in muggings by black people used to create fear to distract from economic crisis- in reality muggings were less frequent than in the previous decade.
