Crime and Deviance

Question 1

2020 Crime statistics by ethnicity

Answer 1

75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White.

Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions

Question 2

Gender and Homicide Victims

Answer 2

75% homicide victims are male

Question 3

Gender and prosecution

Answer 3

Males more likely to be prosecuted for crimes

Question 4

Green Crime

Answer 4

Environmental crimes
e.g. company not following environmental regulations

Question 5

Human Rights Crime

Answer 5

E.g. Murder, torture, sexual violence, holding prisoners without trial

Question 6

Social Control

Answer 6

Ways in which a society tries to prevent and sanction behavior that violates norms

Question 7

Adler (1975) The increase in female criminality

Answer 7

Rise in female crimes because of women entering workplace and male-dominated places, making them more masculine

Question 8

Potter (2010) Indirect damage done by ‘green crime’

Answer 8

Less powerful countries are pressured by more powerful countries, making them more likely to become victims of green crime

Question 9

Gilroy (1982) The Myth of black criminality

Answer 9

Statistical differences in crime statistics are as a result of racist police forces and racial labelling

Question 10

Castells (2000) Organized crime and globalization

Answer 10

Increased globalisation has led to international crime increases in 4 major crimes- drugs, people trafficking, cyber crimes and terrorism

Question 11

General New Right perspective on crime

Answer 11

Crime should be blamed on individuals rather than their social context. Punishments should be tough. People who have different family structures more likely to commit crime

Question 12

General Functionalist perspective on crime

Answer 12

Limited amount of crime necessary for social change. 3 Positive outcomes of crime- regulation, integration and change.

Question 13

Durkheim

Answer 13

‘Anomie’- state of disorder or chaos- more likely to commit crime because too many freedoms. Institutions are necessary to maintain order. Crime is inevitable because not everyone is committed to shared values. Crime would still exist in a ‘society of saints’ because mistakes are inevitable.

Question 14

General Feminist views on crime

Answer 14

Women are more likely to be victims of crime (domestic violence) because of patriarchal values of masculinity and poor treatment of women.

Question 15

General Marxist views on crime

Answer 15

Laws are created by upper classes to subjugate the working- ‘social control’. Encouraged revolution.

Question 16

General Postmodernist views on crime

Answer 16

Lack of metanarratives (shared ideologies) makes it difficult to have value consensus, leading to more crime. However globalisation of protest means that countries or nations are less likely human rights offences due to growth of awareness.

Question 17

Baudrillard

Answer 17

Lack of separation between reality and media create ‘hyperreality’ where lines become blurred and deviant behaviour is more acceptable (e.g. violent video games)

Question 18

Kinsey (1984) The Merseyside crime survey, class and victimization

Answer 18

Working class are more affected by crime than the wealthy eg. wealthy more likely to have insurance so they don’t get as economically hurt

Question 19

Young (2003) Underclass criminality and
social exclusion

Answer 19

Myth of the equal victim, poorer people are hit much harder by crimes

Question 20

Hall et al (1978) ‘Policing the Crisis’

Answer 20

Neo-Marxist
Media reports of increase in muggings by black people used to create fear to distract from economic crisis- in reality muggings were less frequent than in the previous decade.