Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ind. & Soc. > Culture > Flashcards

Culture Flashcards

1
Q

Lewin (1935)

A

Understanding behavior requires examining both the person and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bruner (1990)

A

Cultural context. Individuals and culture influence each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inner Core

A

History, identity, cultural beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Values

A

Long-enduring opinions about worth of an idea, object, person, place, practice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Individualist Culture

A

Emphasize the individual, detachment from community, personal goals ahead of collective goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Independent Self

A

Internal and private feelings and thoughts, stable, separate from social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Collectivist Culture

A

Emphasis on collective, importance on community and relationships, roles, status within social system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interdependent Self

A

External, public, roles, statuses, relationships, connected with social context, flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mutual Constitution

A

Culture shapes behavior and, in turn, behavior shapes culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social Status

A

Position a person occupies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Status Set

A

All the statuses or positions a person occupies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Status Symbols

A

Signs that identify a status, allows others to recognize status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Roles

A

Behaviors, obligations, privileges attached to a status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ascribed Status

A

Involuntary position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Achieved Status

A

Voluntary position you earn or accomplish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Master Statuses

A

Cuts across other statuses one holds (i.e. age and gender)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ideology

A

Integrated system of ideas. Rationalizes way of life, provides moral standards, motivates social and political action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classical Liberalism

A

A political ideology that values the freedom of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A

American west, the self-made man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Post-Reconstruction Era

A

Aims to disenfranchise African American voters through literary tests, poll taxes (fees to vote), and intimidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plessy V. Ferguson

A

“Separate but equal”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Power in US Society shifts with money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social Darwinism (Herbert Spencer)

A

Survival of the fittest

Societies evolve from lower to higher forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

New Deal Philosophy

A

Government has a responsibility to provide economic safety net. Mass welfare, reform, precursor to Modern Liberalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Modern Liberalism

A

Government power is a positive force in society, protecting individuals, ensuring fairness, reducing absolute inequalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Modern Conservatism

A

Government power should be limited, individuals and business should enjoy maximum liberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Symbol Systems

A

Language and gestures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Symbols

A

Something to which we attach meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Social Identity

A

Shared past, future, perspective, goal-directed behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Idiom

A

Phrases particular to a specific culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

High-Context Culture

A

Information is implicit, spoken words only contain a small part of the message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Low-Context Culture

A

Information is explicit, the message is mostly contained in the words spoken

33
Q

Enculturation

A

Learning elements of ones culture

34
Q

Socialization

A

Learning to interact with other people

35
Q

Developmental Niche

A

Forms a child’s world within which the child learns values and mores of the culture. Physical and social setting, customs of child care and child rearing

36
Q

Agents of Socialization: Family

A

Cultural rules reinforced and passed on through how our parents interact with us

37
Q

Parenting Styles Related to Social Class

A

Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative, Concerted Cultivation, Accomplishment of Natural Growth

38
Q

Concerted Cultivation

A

Enrichment, navigate bureaucracy, success

39
Q

Accomplishment of Natural Growth

A

Freedom, making connections with community

40
Q

Nonmaterial Culture

A

Shared ways of communicating, behaving, and customs

41
Q

Agents of Socialization: School

A

Teach culture, indirectly socialize, introduction to large organizations

42
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

Learning about, practicing new role before one is in a position to play the role

43
Q

Material Culture

A

Form, function, meaning

44
Q

Social Institutions

A

Complex of positions, roles, norms, and values within a social structure. Emerge around a fundamental human need. (i.e. replacing members, socializing new members, production and distribution of goods and services)

45
Q

Informal Institutions

A

Authority and status attained through interpersonal relationships or other non-structured means

46
Q

Formal Institutions

A

Enable people who do not know each other to carry on relationships for the purpose of attaining specific goals.

47
Q

Political Institutions

A

Some form of government

48
Q

Religious Institutions

A

Formal systems involving beliefs, rituals, and community

49
Q

Health Institutions

A

Meaningful health can differ by culture. Physical and mental health evaluated differently according to culture

50
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft (1792)

A

Wrote first feminist work, A Vindication of the Rights of Women

51
Q

First Wave Feminism (1840-1920)

A

Rights of citizenship: Vote, own property, get divorced, be educated, keep income and inheritance, retain custody of children. Suffrage movement and the world wars

52
Q

Second Wave Feminism (1960-1988)

A

Fighting for full equality, control over own body, more power in voting and financial issues

53
Q

Essentialist View of gender differences

A

Differences come from biological differences, fixed, invariant

54
Q

Social Roles View of gender differences

A

Societies develop different gender roles, socialization is largely the cause of differences

55
Q

Sex

A

Biological traits, chromosomes, physiology

56
Q

Gender

A

Traits and behaviors, Social label

57
Q

Hyde (2005)

A

Meta-Analysis of gender differences. 78% of effects measures were small or close to zero.

58
Q

Gender difference in verbal performance

A

Girls acquire and become proficient with language earlier than boys

59
Q

Gender difference in math performance

A

No difference. Boys show more confidence in performance in junior high. Giftedness is more common among men

60
Q

Gender difference in spatial performance

A

Men are more proficient in special perception, mental rotation, and spatial visualization (find embedded figures)

61
Q

Gender difference in wayfinding

A

Men use directions and a visual map, women use landmarks

62
Q

Income

A

Money earned from wages, interest, investments, etc.

63
Q

Wealth

A

Things people own; assets (stocks, real estate, savings bonds, cars, consumer goods)

64
Q

Social Stratification

A

Division of society into layers (strata)

65
Q

Social Class

A

Group of individuals who occupy similar social statuses

66
Q

Macro Level Social Class Effects

A

Large-scale, societal effects

67
Q

Micro Level Social Class Effects

A

Individual cognition and behavior

68
Q

Functionalist Perspective

A

Complex societies depend on individuals occupying a variety of positions, develop systems of unequal rewards

69
Q

Meritocracy

A

Position in social hierarchy is determined by individual merit, based on equality of opportunity

70
Q

Closed system of stratification

A

Position in social hierarchy is ascribed

71
Q

Open system of stratification

A

Position in social hierarchy is achieved, social mobility is possible

72
Q

Social Mobility

A

Movement up or down socioeconomic ladder

73
Q

Upward mobility

A

Better off than ones parents or better off than one used to be in a lifetime

74
Q

Downward Mobility

A

Worse off than ones parents or worse off than one once was

75
Q

Structural Mobility

A

Structural changes in society “push” and “pull” people into higher and lower social classes

76
Q

Objective Social Class

A

Resources, symbols of wealth, social behaviors

77
Q

Subjective Social Class Rank

A

Reputational prestige of occupation, perception of social class relative to others, internal perception of the world

78
Q

Lower-class rank

A

Dependent on others, other-focused orientation, attribute poverty and wealth to educational opportunity and social forces

79
Q

Upper-class rank

A

Independent of others, dispositional self-focused orientation, attribute poverty and wealth to talent and hard work

Ind. & Soc. (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions