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Ind. & Soc. > Cross-Cultural Psychology > Flashcards

Cross-Cultural Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Belief Perserverance Effect?

A

We distort, minimize, or ignore facts that contradict our reality.

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2
Q

What are Metathoughts?

A

Thoughts about thoughts.

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3
Q

What is a Barnum Statement?

A

Personality description true of practically all human beings. (Zodiac fortunes)

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4
Q

What is the Barnum Effect?

A

People’s willingness to accept the validity of overly inclusive/generic appraisals.

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5
Q

What is a Schema?

A

Framework for understanding new experiences/events.

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6
Q

What is Accommodation?

A

Modifying a schema to fit new data.

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7
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

Modifying data to fit existing schema.

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8
Q

What is the Assimilation Bias?

A

Obstacle to clear thinking in which one modifies data to fit schema and reject new data that doesn’t fit.

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9
Q

What is Parataxic Reasoning?

A

Superstitious belief that events occurring close in time are linked.

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10
Q

What is the Availability Heuristic?

A

Quickly estimating likelihood of an event based on ease with which instances are retrieved from memory.

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11
Q

What is the Representativeness Heuristic?

A

Quickly estimating probability that given instance is a member of a particular category.

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12
Q

What is the Representativeness Bias?

A

The Representative Heuristic producing errors in thinking.

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13
Q

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

A

Overestimate impact of internal personality traits (dispositions) and underestimate environmental circumstances (situations)

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14
Q

What is a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?

A

Expectations generate own reality.

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15
Q

What is a Correlational Study?

A

A study that searches for a correlation between information.

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16
Q

What is Unidirectional Causation?

A

Event A causes Event B

17
Q

What is Bidirectional Causation?

A

Event A causes Event B and Event B causes Event A. They are each other’s cause.

18
Q

What is Belief Perseverance Effect?

A

Stubbornness to cling to beliefs.

19
Q

What is Motivational Bias?

A

Systematic error in attribution that derives from need to satisfy personal needs. (Self-esteem, power, etc.)

20
Q

What is Naturalistic Fallacy?

A

Individual defines what is morally good/bad in terms of what is statistically frequent/infrequent.

21
Q

What are Heuristics?

A

Mental shortcuts to make judgements quickly.

Ind. & Soc. (9 decks)

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