Culture

Question 1

People are products of five different cultures

Answer 1

1. Universal - humans are biologically alike and have same biological needs
2. Ecological - humans are influenced by where they live / language, food
3. National - country, one language, central government
4. Region - within a nation. Ex. Midwest
5. Racio-ethnic - assumed psychical biological features used to identify groups / practices, language

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

• set of values and behaviors that are learned and passed on within a community.
• includes symbols and products such as language, music, food, rituals

Question 3

Cultural pluralism

Answer 3

• individuals who may have special concerns and needs or seek respect, representation and development in society
  Ex. Women, divorced, LGBTQ

Question 4

Ethnocentrism

Answer 4

• belief that one’s own group is the center of everything / sets the standard

Question 5

Acculturation

Answer 5

• an minority individual adopts values, beliefs and customs of the dominant culture

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

• the extent to which an individual has changed so much that they are absorbed into the dominant culture and losing their own original values

Question 7

Potential issues of cross cultural counseling

Answer 7

1. Normative behavior - each culture has set of norms
2. Structuring - defining counselor and counselee roles
3. Transference and counter
4. Language
5. Personalism - some clients may want to get to know counselor as a person first

Question 8

Racial/Cultural Identity development model (5 stages)

Answer 8

1. Conformity - self-depreciation and identification with majority
2. Dissonance - current self-concept is challenged
3. Resistance and immersion - accepts minority views and reject majority resulting in self-appreciation
4. Introspection - moves from intense feelings in step 3 and becomes concerned with basis of self-appreciation
5. Integrative awareness - individual can own and appreciate minority and dominant aspects of both cultures

Question 9

Systematic electicism

Answer 9

We are feeling, thinking, behaving, social, cultural and political beings

Question 10

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 IDEA

Answer 10

• free public education to all 3-21
• placed in least restrictive environment
• IEP
• private schools also eligible for services

Question 11

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA / 1990)

Answer 11

• prohibits discrimination in offices of 15 ppl +
• prohibits disc. in public and private transportation and public buildings
• 12.6% of US have disabilities