Cultural Variations Of Ainsworth^

Question 1

Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonbergs

Answer 1

Procedure
- 32 studies in 8 cultures with 2000 children
- look at diff attachment types with meta analysis
Findings
- secure attachment, most common (75% UK, 50% China)
- insecure resistant (Japan)
insecure avoidant (Germany)
Conclusion
- secure attach. is the norm
- supports Bowlby’s theory of innate attach.
- cultural differences have an impact

Question 2

Simonelli et al

Answer 2

Italian
76 babies aged 1
50% secure / 36% avoidant
lower than average as mothers go back to work/ kids at day care
attachment vary with cultural change

Question 3

Jin et al

Answer 3

Korean
87 babies
proportion of secure/ insecure were consistent
- more resistant than avoidant
similar to Japan

Question 4

Indigenous Researchers

Answer 4

more researchers were the same culture as their research
problems in cross cultural research can be avoided to not create bias on stereotypes
- misinterpretation of lang
- difficulty in communication
Researchers communicating effectively increases its validity

Question 5

VS Indigenous Researchers

Answer 5

not true to all cross cultural research
Morelli & Tronick
- outsiders from America, studied how kids were raised and patterns of attachment
data affected by difficulty to gather it
Data from same country could have been affected by bias

Question 6

Confounding Variables

Answer 6

studies in different countries are not matched for methadology when compared in meta analysis
variables - class, money, age, envi- can affect it
- room = more toys to explore
looking at non-matched studies may not tell us all about patterns of attachment

Question 7

Imposed Ethic

Answer 7

hard to apply the test from one to another culture
Imposed Ethic = method for one culture works for another
lack of affection in reunion stage is seen as avoidant in UK, but independent in Germany
Beh measures may not have the same meaning in diff cultures
comparing them is meaningless