Cultural Variations in Attachment Flashcards
What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988) do?
A meta-analysis of the proportion of the different types of attachment (secure …etc) across different countries
How many countries were involved in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)?
8
How many children were involved overall in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)?
1990
What was the finding of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988) relating to the individualist cultures?
-Insecure-resistant was similar to Ainsworth’s original sample (14%)
What was the finding of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988) relating to the collectivist cultures?
-Insecure-avoidant was above 25%
What was the conclusion of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)?
The variation between the results of studies within the same countries were greater than between countries
What did Simonelli (2014) do?
Replicates Ainsworth strange situation
Where did Simonelli (2014) replicate Ainsworth strange situation?
Italy
Who did Simonelli (2014) assess?
76 12-month-olds
How did the mothers vary in Simonelli (2014)?
In education and profession
What were the findings of Simonelli (2014)
- 50% secure
- 36% insecure-avoidance
- 24% insecure-resistant
How did the findings of Simonelli (2014) differ from previous studies?
A lower percentage of secure attachment
What did the researchers of Simonelli (2014) suggest why the reduction in secure attachment?
More mothers going to work for longer hours
Is there high internal validity in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)?
Yes as large sample reduces the chance of biased methodology or unusual participants
What are the limitations of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg (1988)?
Samples may not representative of cultures (Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg focused on COUNTRIES not cultures)
What did Van Ijzendoorn and Sagi (2001) find?
- Found similar attachments in urban Tokyo compared to Western studies
- Rural Tokyo showed more insecure-resistant
Is the Strange Situation biased towards a particular culture?
Yes
What culture is the Strange Situation biased towards?
American/British culture
Does the Stange Situation produce imposed etic?
Yes
What is imposed etic?
Cultural universal
What does the production of imposed etic reduce?
Cultural emic
What is cultural emic?
Cultural uniqueness
What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonberg suggest why there is the cultural difference?
The effect of mass media
What may be a confounding variable in the Strange situation?
Temperament
What is temperament?
The genetic personality of a child
