cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

what is a collectivist culture

Answer 1

a culture that emphasises family and work goals above the individuals needs and desires, there is a high degree of independence between people

Question 2

what is an individualist culture

Answer 2

a culture that emphasises personal independence and achievement at the expense of group goals, resulting in a strong sense of competition

Question 3

what does ethnocentric mean

Answer 3

biased to one culture (western culture)

Question 4

what was the aim of van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg (1988)

Answer 4

they conducted a study to look at proportions of attachment across a range of countries

Question 5

what was van ijzendoorn and kroonenbergs procedure

Answer 5

meta-analysis conducted on 32 studies of attachment that used the strange situation
within the 32 studies there were 18 conducted in the USA and 1 in china and overall included 1990 children

Question 6

what is meta-analysis

Answer 6

secondary data of other studies

Question 7

what was the conclusion of van ijzendoorn and kroonenbergs study

Answer 7

parental influence and societal norms influence attachment styles however there is evidence of an innate attachment as suggested by Bowlby

Question 8

simonella 2014 italy

Answer 8

idividualistic culture
-76 italian infants
-50% secure, 36% insecure avoidant, 14% insecure resistant

Question 9

jin 2018 korea

Answer 9

individualistic culture
-87 korean infants
-78% secure, 1% insecure avoidant, 18% insecure resistant

Question 10

takahashi 1990 japan

Answer 10

-60 middle class japanese infants
-68% secure, 32% insecure resistant
-in japan the mother is always with the child and never leaves (cultural norms)

Question 11

how was this an ethnocentric study (takahashi)

Answer 11

90% of procedures had to be stopped as the children were very distressed displaying a lot of anxiety when left alone with a stranger