Cultural Variations (AO1)

Question 1

Who researched Cultural Variations in Attachment Types?

Answer 1

Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg

Question 2

What was the Aim of Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg’s research?

Answer 2

to investigate different infant attachment types across cultures

Question 3

What was the procedure of VI & K’s research

Answer 3

• conducted a meta-analysis of 32 strange situation experiments conducted in 8 countries
• around 2,000 babies were studied

all of the selected studies had:
- observed only mother-infant pairsq
- classified infants into the 3 attachment types

Question 4

What was significant about Germany’s results?
+ culture?

Answer 4

Highest % of Insecure Avoidant - 35%

Question 5

What was significant about Israel’s results?
+ culture?

Answer 5

Highest % of Insecure Resistant - 29%

Question 6

What was significant about China’s results?
+ culture?

Answer 6

Equal % of Avoidant and Resistant
25% - 50% - 25%

Question 7

What were the conclusions of VI & K’s research?

Answer 7

• secure attachment was highest across all cultures
• insecure avoidant was the dominant insecure attachment in individualistic cultures (e.g. GB, USA, Germany)
• insecure resistant was the dominant insecure attachment in collectivist cultures (e.g. Israel, China, Japan)
• china was different as there was an equal % of insecure attachment types