Cultural variations

Question 1

Who investigated cross-cultural variations in attachment?

Answer 1

Van Ijzendoorn

Question 2

What is the most common form of attachment in every culture?

Answer 2

Secure

Question 3

Which countries had the highest level of insecure-resistant?

Answer 3

Japan and Israel = collectivist countries

Question 4

Which country had the highest level of Insecure-avoidant?

Answer 4

Germany = individualistic culture

Question 5

What type of study was Van Ijezendoorn’s?

Answer 5

Meta Analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries

Question 6

What was Ijzendoorn’s conclusion?

Answer 6

The global trend seems to reflect the US norm so secure attachment is the optimal attachment type for healthy development

Question 7

Give a study that displays cultural similarities?

Answer 7

In African cultures they are raised by the group in their societies however they still sleep with their own mothers at night displaying a preference for primary caregiver and thus supporting lgzjendoorn’s theory that secure attachment is the main form

Question 8

What is a study that displays a cultural difference?

Answer 8

German culture prompts independence from a young age so the fact that they don’t seek proximity upon reunion may not mean they are insecurely attached

Question 9

Evaluation of Ijzendoorn’s meta-analytical study?

Answer 9

• Issue of population validity: most of the tests were in the US meaning the population isn’t accurately reflected and so results can’t be generalised
• The study is culturally biased: western views on attachment are being tested in strange situations so if it is being imposed on other cultures it may not represent what we think it does