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AP Human Geography > Cultural Geography Unit 3 > Flashcards

Cultural Geography Unit 3 Flashcards

APHG Unit 3

1
Q

Culture

A

All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects. The things that make up our daily lives.

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2
Q

Cultural Traits

A

Building blocks of a culture developed through communication (aka when behaviors, beliefs, or customs are shared.

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3
Q

Cultural Complex

A

Compilation of various interrelated traits.

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4
Q

Material Culture

A

Made up of things that people make and give value to.

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5
Q

Non-Material Culture

A

Made up of the ideas of a society.

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6
Q

Examples of material Culture are…

A

Clothing, buildings, technology, food

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7
Q

Examples of non-material culture are…

A

Language, religion, political organizations, customs of traditions.

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8
Q

Folk Culture

A
  • Beliefs and practices of small homogenous societies.
  • Often living in rural areas that are isolated and change slowly.
  • Diverse ways people have adapted to physical environments.
  • Preserves traditions.
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9
Q

Popular Culture

A
  • Beliefs and practices of large, heterogeneous societies.
  • Shared habits despite differences in other personal characteristics
  • Tends to promote uniformity in beliefs, values, and the cultural landscape in many places.
  • Emphasizes trying what is new, trendy.
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10
Q

Cultural Revelation

A

Evaluating a culture by its own standards using apathy and seeking to understand the culture for what it is.

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11
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Evaluating a culture through the lens of one’s own culture.

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12
Q

Cultural Hearths

A

Areas typically historic, which a unique culture of specific trait develops… it is where everything begins.

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13
Q

What is a “norm”?

A

Something that is standard and accepted and expected.

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14
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

Combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape.

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15
Q

Place making is…

A

The process in which a community or cultural group gets together to plan a public place.

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16
Q

Language contribute to sense of Place by…

A

Influencing communication, expressions, greetings, slang words, different dialects.

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17
Q

Ethnicity/Cultural Background contribute to sense of Place by…

A

Ethnic enclaves, demand for certain goods/services, holidays, celebrations, traditional trades.

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18
Q

Religion contributes to sense of Place by…

A

usually seen in architecture, sequent occupance, shapes the values of places.

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19
Q

Nationalism contributes to the sense of Place by…

A

Pride in one’s country, patriotic, national anthem, pledge of allegiance, flag

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20
Q

Centripetal forces

A

Forces that pull people together, AKA unifying.

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21
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

Forces that pull people away, AKA breaking groups apart.

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22
Q

Example of centripetal forces

A

Nationalism, religion, language, productive economy and strong leadership, external threats.

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23
Q

Examples of centrifugal forces

A

Religion, language, ethnic of racial differences, political corruption and faulty economy.

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24
Q

Religion

A

An organized system for beliefs, ceremonies, practices and worship that focus on the deepest of life’s mysteries.

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25
Q

Ethnicity

A

Membership in a group of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history and common experiences.

26
Q

Race

A

Identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait.

27
Q

Racism

A

The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

28
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The spreading of information, ideas, behaviors, and other cultural traits.

29
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

Culture spreads where people move. And people bring their culture with them where they move to.

30
Q

Expansion Diffusion (4 types)

A

Culture spreads without people migrating

31
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from a node to other people/places (often from those in power)
ex: phone

32
Q

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

A

Spreading from lower class to higher class or rural to urban.
ex: Walmart, tattoos

33
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

Spread of underlying principles even though characteristic itself doesn’t diffuse.
ex: fast food

34
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

Rapid and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.
ex: TikTok dances

35
Q

Acculturation

A

Ethnic groups moving to new areas to adopt values of the larger group while maintaining their own culture.

36
Q

Assimilation

A

An ethnic group becomes similar to the group they are joining and most defining features can no longer be distinguished.

37
Q

Multiculturalism

A

The coexistence of several cultures in one society.

38
Q

Nativism

A

Anti-immigrant attitudes that sometimes form amongst the cultural majority.

39
Q

APHG LESSON 3.5 =

40
Q

Globalization is…

A

A combination of historical Diffusion and modern diffusion

41
Q

Cultural Divergence

A

People may start to leave their culture or abandon certain elements of it.

42
Q

Cultural Convergence

A

People start having one mass global culture.

43
Q

Religion is…

A

An organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, practices, and worship that focus on the deepest of life’s mysteries.

44
Q

Atheism

A

A belief that God does not exist

45
Q

Agnosticism

A

The belief that the existence of God cannot be proven.

46
Q

Fundamentalism

A

An attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith.

47
Q

Monotheism

A

A belief in one God

48
Q

Polytheism

A

The belief in many Gods.

49
Q

Ethnic Religions

A

Appealing to one group of people in one place.

50
Q

Universalizing Religions

A

Attempting to be global and seek converts regardless of ethnic background.

51
Q

Theocracies

A

In which a country/nation is led by religious leaders and ruled by religious laws.

52
Q

The 5 main world religions.

A

Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, Christianity

53
Q

Hinduism - ETHNIC religion

A

Oldest religion and is polytheistic.
Hearth is INDIA
Diffused through the British empire

54
Q

Judaism - ETHNIC religion

A

Heart is EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Relocation Diffusion
Shatter belt region

55
Q

Buddhism - UNIVERSALIZING religion

A

Hearth is SouthEast Asia
Missionaries throughout South East Asia
Rapid spread on Silk Road. - Contagious and relocation

56
Q

Islam - UNIVERSALIZING religion

A

Hearth is the Middle East
Islamic Conquests
Trade from Indian Ocean to SE Asia

57
Q

Christianity - UNIVERSALIZING religion

A

Hearth is the Roman Empire
Immigration to the U.S.
the Bible

58
Q

Assimilation

A

Dominant culture absorbing another - sometimes destroying it, sometimes incorporating.

59
Q

Acculturation

A

Borrowing, adopting, sharing some traits, without one culture overtaking the other.

60
Q

Syncretism

A

Something NEW being created form the combination of cultural traits.

61
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Coexisting, but still distinct cultures in the landscape; traits remain separate.

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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