Cultural Geography of Europe Flashcards
Europe has more than ___ ethnic groups.
160
-people with a shared ancestry, language, customs, and religion
Ethnic groups
Some European countries have ___ major ethnic group.
One
-90% have same common culture, language, and religion
Sweden
Some countries like Belgium have __ or more major ethnic groups.
2
- 56% are Flemings, 32% are Walloons
Belgium
Violent conflicts are often caused by
Ethnic differences
-a region shattered by ethnic conflict since 1990s
Balkan Peninsula
Former Yugoslavia- _______- expel or kill rival ethnic groups
“Ethnic cleansing”
Misolevic did’t invent ethnic cleansing,
He had a good teacher, HITLER!
The Arctic Circle crosses which 4 countries?
Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia
Which 3 European countries extend east into Asia?
Turkey, Russia, and Kazakhstan
What large body of water is south of Urkraine and North of Turkey?
Black Sea
Name the capital of Bulgaria.
Sofia
This country has the Westernmost Point on the European Continent.
Portugal
Name the largest city in Western Europe.
London
This German city was divided between the East and West following WW2.
Berlin
What is the most populated country in Western Europe?
Germany
Name the country with the smallest population.
Vatican City
Name the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake.
Lake Baikal
People who flee to a foreign country for safety
Refugees
Despite various forms of government, Europe share a commitment to ___ and ___.
Democracy and free markets
Most people believe that the governments should ____ economies and provide ____.
Regulate economies
Provide social welfare
Europe is the ____ smallest continent.
2nd
Europe has the ___ highest in population.
3rd
Europe’s population is ____.
731 million
What is the most populated country?
Germany
How many people populate Germany?
81 million
What country has the smallest population in the world?
Vatican City
What is Europe’s population density?
255 people per square mile
What is Europe’s population density ranking among the other countries in the world?
2nd highest population density
____ and ___ play major roles in determining the population density.
Physical geography and climate
_____ (1750-1900) transformed Europe from an agricultural society to an industrial society.
Industrial Revolution
population moves from rural areas to towns and cities
Urbanization
What percentage of Europeans live in cities?
75%
During the 1800s and early 1900s, Europeans did what?
They migrated to the Americas and other parts of the world
What happened after Word War 2, in the 1950s and 1960s?
Western Europe’s economy boomed causing a labor shortage
Migration into Europe ____ as workers were needed.
Increased
___ Europeans moved from place to place for ____.
Prehistoric
Farming
Which two civilizations laid the foundations of European and western civilizations?
Ancient Greece and Rome
_______ reached its peak in the 400s and 300s B.C.
Ancient Greece
Greek communities separated by mountains
city-states
established the first democratic government in Athens
Greeks
_____ and _____ couldn’t vote, but it gave more people voice in government.
Women
Slaves
Greek __,__,__, and ___ left a lasting impression in Europe.
Art
Literature
Drama
Philosophy
What Greek philosopher made the first college?
Plato
What Greek philosopher did physics, poetry, theater, and music?
Aristotle
What Greek philosopher did ethics and education?
Socrates
____ reached its peak from 27 B.C. To 180 A.D.
Ancient Rome
-imitated Greek art, literature, science, and architecture.
Romans
____ engineers built a vast network of roads, bridges, and aqueducts.
Roman
____ introduced Christianity to Europe in 380 A.D.
Romans
Christianity became known as ____ in Western Europe.
Roman Catholicism
The Eastern European form of Christianity became known as _____.
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
-Eastern Europe; capital-Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
-powerful lords who gave land to nobles in return for people’s loyalty
Feudalism
Christianity was split into what two groups?
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic was in ___ Europe.
Western
Eastern Orthodox was in ____ Europe.
Eastern Orthodox
____ was spread into Europe in the early 600s.
Islam
They also spread Chinese inventions like ___ and ___.
Paper and gunpowder
-series of religious wars to win Palestine back from Muslims
Crusades
How did the crusades have an effect on the trade routes?
The crusades extended the trade routes to the eastern Mediterranean
The crusades increased what?
It increased trade
-300 year period of learning and arts (1300 to 1600)
Renaissance
Who were influenced by Roman and Greek culture?
Scholars and Artists
-lessened the power of the Roman Catholic Church; led to Protestantism
Reformation
When was the the movable type of the printing press invented?
In the Reformation
How did the Portuguese start exploring?
They started by looking for new trade routes to India.
Spain sent ___ in 1492 to explore, many countries followed suit.
Columbus
_____, bringing back wealth and riches to Europe.
They set up colonies
-economic and political system designed to establish a classless society where workers would control industrial production
Communism
-1700s overthrew monarchy
French Revolution
-power-driven machinery and new methods of production
Industrial Revolution
Why was World War 1 caused?
- competition for colonies and economic power
- desire for independence
- secret military alliances
-caused by unresolved problems from WW1 and worldwide economic depression
World War 2
-mass killing of 6 million Jews in WWII
holocaust
When was World War 1?
1914-1918
When did WWII take place?
1939-1945
-power struggle between the Soviet Union and the non-communist countries of the world
Cold War
When did the Cold War take place?
1945-1989
1990- East and West Germany United;b____ fell in 1989
Berlin Wall
_____ (EU)- EC added several new countries in 1992
European Union
-created by 12 countries who formed a single market for trade in 1958
European Community (EC)
-language, religion, arts
Cultural traits
-local forms of languages.
Dialects
How many different languages are there in Europe?
50
How many different dialects are in Europe?
Over 100
-groups of related languages that developed from an earlier language
Language family
-language family has three major branches
Indo-European
Slavic
Polish, Bulgarian
German
English, German, Dutch
Romance
Italian, Spanish
Switzerland has three official languages
German
French
Italian
What are the three major branches of the Indo-European language?
Slavic
Germanic
Romance
Most Christians in Europe are _______ who live in SW and NE Europe.
Roman Catholics
-mainly in Northern Europe
Protestants
-southern part of Eastern Europe
Eastern Orthodox
Muslims live in ___, ___, and ___.
Albania
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria
(Balkan Peninsula)
Jews live in most ____ countries.
European
Fights between Catholics & Protestants in Northern Ireland have been over ____.
Religion
Christians and Muslims are fighting in former _____.
Yugoslavia
-shows natural appearances of objects and light using dabs and strokes of primary colors
Impression
-portrayed life as it really was
realism
-art form that shows feelings and emotion
Romanticism
During the Middle Ages, European culture centered around the powerful _________.
Roman Catholic Church
The Railroad tunnel under the English Channel is called the ____.
Chunnel
Government that offers a complete social welfare program to its citizens is called a ____ state.
Welfare
_____ is money paid as compensation after a war.
Reparations
-people who flee to a foreign country for safety
Refugees
In France, July 14 is celebrated for the start of the _____.
French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the ____.
1700s
European populations tend to be clustered in regions of _____, _____, _____, and _____.
Climate
Fertile soil
Inland waterways
Mineral resources
What organization currently unites in Western Europe?
The European Union
The group of people who built the Rome.
Etruscans
A movement to lessen the power of the Roman Catholic Church.
Reformation
Beethoven’s music is an example of _____.
Romanticism
In a welfare state, major responsibility for the people’s welfare lies with the _____.
Government
Railroad tunnel under the English Channel, links _____ and ____.
France
England
Turkey
Ankara
Serbia
Belgrade
Hungary
Budapest
Czech Republic
Prague
Lithuania
Vilnius
Greece
Athens
Russia
Moscow
Poland
Warsaw
Bulgaria
Sofia
Ukraine
Kiev
Romania
Bucharest
Albania
Tirania
Croatia
Zagreb
Austria
Vienna
Belarus
Minsk
