Chapter 18 Flashcards
What is the most spoken language?
Arabic
The population of North Africa and southwest Asia is mostly ____ who are ___.
Arabs
Muslim
-area of N. Africa compromised of Tunisa, Algeria, and Morocco
Maghreb
(Those who live in Israel)
Israelis
There are about ____ Israelis and a large majority of them are Jewish.
6.4 million
Israel was founded as the ____ in 1948.
Jewish homeland
-Arabs who live on land claimed by Israel
Palestinians
(People of Turkey)
Turks
-groups who ruled most of the eastern Med. arwa for 600 years
Ottoman Turks
Turks aren’t ___ but they practice ___.
Arabs
Islam
They speak their own language and their culture lends ___,____, and ___ elements.
Turkish
Islamic
Western
Iran at one time was called ____.
Persia
What language do Iranians speak?
Farsi
Most Iranian’s religion is ____ a form of Islam.
Shiism
Afghanis consist of many ethnic groups who are mostly ____.
Muslim
(People of Cyrpus)
Cypriots
-non-Arab island in the Med. Sea
Cyprus
Most Cypriots are ___ but there is a ____ minority.
Greek
Turkish
Armenians and ______
Kurds
What are two groups who want their own countries?
Armenians and Kurds
Most people live along ___,____, or near____ and____.
Sea costs
Rivers
Highlands
Oasis
____,_____,______ and ______ are the major economic activities.
Farming
Mining
Fishing
Trading
The only population in deserts are:
Cities with oil-related industry
Nomadic herders live near oases
What are the most populated countries in the area?
Iran
Turkey
Egypt
-highest population density with 2000 people per sq. mile
Bahrain
What is the population and is it growing or decreasing?
381 million
Growing
Why are cities growing?
The rural people are moving in search of a better life
-largest city in the region with about 7-10 million people
Cairo, Egypt
What is a lake that is split between Israel and Jordan?
The Dead Sea
Can fish and plants live in the Dead Sea?
No bc of high salt content
What can live in the Dead Sea?
Microorganisms
Sea is so dense that swimmers __.
Float
The Dead Sea is becoming ____ because____.
Smaller and saltier because it’s source, the Jordan River is being used for irrigation
-discovered in caves in 1947 and more than 2000 years old
Dead Sea scrolls
A group of Jew used the ______ as a hideaway.
Caves
_______ were the first to settle in the region about 10,000 BC.
Hunters and gatherers
Who were the first in the world to domesticate animals?
The region’s farmers
-take plants and animals from the wild and make them useful to people
Domesticate
-civilization developed in Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates
Sumerian
-writing system of the Sumerians, using wedge-shaped symbols on wet clay tablets
Cuneiform
Egyptian civilization developed along the ____.
Nile
Why could farmers grow 2 or 3 crops each year?
Because of the annual flooding of the Nike River
-Egyptian form of picture writing
Hieroglyphics
-came later and was located along the Med. Coast near present-day Israel and Lebanon
Phoenician civilization
-most important development of an alphabet where letters stood for sounds
Phoenicians
-covered most of the eastern Med. Coast
Persian Empire
-underground canals to carry water from the mountains across the desert to farmlands
Qanats
Because of cultural and economic exchanges, the region is known as the _______.
crossroads of civilizations
-religion of the Hebrews
Judaism
-belief in one God
Monotheism
What did the Jews believe?
They believed obedience in God’s laws and creation of a just society
-began in Palestine (SW Asia)
Christianity
-those who follow Jesus’ teachings
Christians
-began on Arabian peninsula about 600 AD by Muhammed
Islam
-was a merchant in Mecca who believed he was God’s messenger (prophet)
Muhammed
-Arabic word meaning “those who submit to the will of God”
Muslim
-Islamic holy book
Quran
-Islamic house of public worship
Mosque
About __ of the world’s people are Muslim.
20%
When did the region begin to decline?
1000 AD
Why did the region begin to decline?
Major conflicts like Crusades and the Mongol invasions
Lack of resources for fuel during the Industrial Revolution
When was the region under European control?
The late 1800’s
-right of each people to have its own independent nation
Nationalism
European control declined after ____.
WW2
-placing foreign-owned companies under government control
Nationalize
What is the main reason why the Jews and Arabs hate each other?
Arabs were upset that Israel was created as a Jewish homeland.
Arabs at first wanted Israel destroyed.
Now, Arabs are fighting over sections of land in Israel that they can call their own.
There are several different types of governments in this region:
8 monarchs Israel's parliamentary Democracy Egypt's republic Libya's military dictatorship
Regions breakdown of religion:
93% Islam
2% Jewish
2% Christian
2% Other
-only countries in region where Islam is not majority religion
Israel and Cyprus
-the region’s main language
Arabic
Why is Arabic the main religion of the region?
The Quean was originally written in Arabic, non-Arabic Muslims often learned Arabic to read the Quran.
-pyramid shaped temples built in a step-like fashion made of mud brick; found in Mesopotamia
Ziggurats
-best known Islamic architecture
Mosques and palaces
What are the dominant forms of literature because of the strong, oral tradition of storytelling?
Epics and poems
-popular collection of Arab, Indian, and Persian stories
Arabian nights
What happened in the 1900’s?
The moved from rural areas to urban areas
desert nomads
Bedouins
Which countries have high standards of living because of the manufacturing and petroleum industries?
Israel
Qatar
Why is the life expectancy low in most of the region?
Treatment available only in cities and towns
Shortage of doctors
What are the staple foods?
Wheat
Barley
Rice
How much is primary education?
Free
Do a large or small percentage of people attend universities?
Small
-in Cairo, founded in 970 AD is one of the oldest universities in the world
University of Al-Azhar
