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AP Human Geo > Cultural Geography > Flashcards

Cultural Geography Flashcards

0
Q

Animism

A

Most prevalent in Africa and the Americas, doctrine in which the world is seen as being infused with spiritual and even supernatural powers

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1
Q

Acculturation

A

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another

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2
Q

Artifact

A

Any item that represent a material aspect of culture

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3
Q

Buddhism

A

System of belief that seeks to explain ultimate realities for all people–such as the nature of suffering and the path toward self-realization

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4
Q

Caste system

A

System in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth; individuals may improve the position they inherit in the caste system in the next life through their actions, or karma; after many lives of good karma, they may be relieved from cycle of life and win their place in heaven

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5
Q

Christianity

A

The world’s most widespread religion; monotheistic, universal religion that uses missionaries to expand its members worldwide; Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox

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6
Q

Creole

A

A pidgin language that evolves to the point at which it becomes the primary language to the people who speak it

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7
Q

Cultural complex

A

The group of traits that define a particular culture

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8
Q

Cultural extinction

A

Obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation, or a combination of the three

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9
Q

Cultural geography

A

The subfield of human geo that looks at how cultures vary over space

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10
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Locations on earth’s surface where specific culture first arose

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11
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

The dominance of one culture over another

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12
Q

Cultural trait

A

The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of pop culture

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13
Q

Culture

A

A total way of life held in common by a group of ppl, including learned features such as language, ideology, behavior, technology, and gov’t

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14
Q

Custom

A

Practices followed by the ppl of a particular cultural group

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15
Q

Denomination

A

A particular religious group, usually associated with differing Protestant belief systems

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16
Q

Dialect

A

Geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary somewhat from the parent form

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17
Q

Diaspora

A

People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity

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18
Q

Ecumene

A

The proportion of the earth inhabited by humans

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19
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions

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20
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions

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21
Q

Esperanto

A

A constructed international auxiliary language incorporating aspects of numerous linguistic traditions to create a universal means of communication

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22
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

The systematic attempt to remove all ppl of a particular ethnicity from a region or country either by forced migration or genocide

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23
Q

Ethnic neighborhood

A

An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

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24
Q

Ethnic religion

A

Religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts

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25
Q

Ethnicity

A

Refers to a group of ppl who share a common identity

26
Q

Evangelical religions

A

Religion in which an effort is made to spread a particular belief system

27
Q

Folk culture

A

Refers to a constellation of cultural practices that form the sights, smells, sounds, and rituals of everyday existence in the traditional societies in which they developed

28
Q

Fundamentalism

A

The strict adherence to a particular doctrine

29
Q

Gender Inequality Index

A

A UN index, introduced in 2010, which measures a country’s loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment and general empowerment

30
Q

Genocide

A

A premeditated effort to kill everyone from a particular ethnic group

31
Q

Ghetto

A

A segregated ethnic area within a city

32
Q

Global religion

A

Religion in which members are numerous and widespread and their doctrines might appeal to different people from any region of the globe

33
Q

Hinduism

A

A cohesive and unique society, most prevalent in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system

34
Q

Indo-European family

A

Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by about 50% of the worlds ppl

35
Q

Islam

A

A monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah’s prophet; based in the ancient city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Muhammad

36
Q

Isoglosses

A

Geographical boundary lines where different linguistic features meet

37
Q

Judaism

A

The first major monotheistic religion; based on a sense of ethnic identity, and it’s adherents tend to form tight-knit communities wherever they live

38
Q

Language extinction

A

Occurs when a language is no longer in use by any living ppl; thousands of languages have become extinct over the eons since language first developed, but the process of language extinction has accelerated greatly during the past 300 years

39
Q

Language family

A

A collection of many languages, all of which came from the same original tongue long ago, that have since evolved different characteristics

40
Q

Language group

A

A set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics

41
Q

Lingua Franca

A

An extremely simple language that combines aspects of two or more other, more-complex languages usually used for quick and efficient communication

42
Q

Literacy

A

The ability to read and write

43
Q

Local culture

A

A set of common experiences or customs that shapes the identity of a place and the ppl who live there; often the subjects of preservation or economic development efforts

44
Q

Local religions

A

Religions that are spiritually bound to particular regions

45
Q

Minority

A

A racial or ethnic group smaller than and differing from the majority race or ethnicity in a particular area or region

46
Q

Missionary

A

A person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented

47
Q

Monotheism

A

The worship of only one God

48
Q

Multicultural

A

Having to do with many cultures

49
Q

Official language

A

Language in which all gov’t business occurs in a country

50
Q

Pidgin

A

Language that may develop when two groups of ppl with different languages meet; the pidgin has some characteristics of each language

51
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a place of religious importance

52
Q

Polyglot

A

A multilingual state

53
Q

Polytheism

A

The worship of more than one god

54
Q

Popular culture

A

Dynamic culture based in large, heterogeneous societies permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change; having a money-based economy, division of labor into professions, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; and producing and consuming machine-made goods

55
Q

Race

A

A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood type, generic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics

56
Q

Romance languages

A

Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian

57
Q

Shaman

A

The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture

58
Q

Sino-Tibetan family

A

Language area that spreads through most of Southeast Asia and China and is comprised of Chinese, Burmese, Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean

59
Q

Syncretic

A

Traditions that borrow from both the past and present

60
Q

Toponym

A

Place names given to certain features on the land such as settlements, terrain features, and streams

61
Q

Tradition

A

A cohesive collection of customs within a cultural group

62
Q

Transculturation

A

The expansion of cultural traits through diffusion, adoption, and other related processes

63
Q

Universalizing religion

A

Religion that seeks to unite ppl from all over the globe

AP Human Geo (6 decks)

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