CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Flashcards
what are three key aspects to cultural differences
language
parental attitudes
social group subculture
explain what sociolinguistics are
language codes - WC and MC have different ways of speaking
what theorist explored sociolinguists/language codes
Bernstein
explain what is meant by parental attitudes and investment
working and middle classes have different attitudes towards parenting
what sociologist explored parental attitudes and investment and what did they find out
Douglas(1964)
WC parents place less value on education and therefore less ambitious for their children
explain what is meant by subcultural groups
WC and MC have different subcultural values that help or hinder education
what sociologist explored subcultural groups and what did they find
Sugarman(1970)
WC families tend to be
fatalistic
collectivist
immediate gratification
present time orienated
what is elaborated code
language code used by MC - broad vocab, gramatically complex, abstract
what is restricted code
language code used by WC - restricted vocab, context bound, grammatically simple
what is fatalism
attitude of accepting ones own fate and that nothing can be done to change it
define present time orientation
focused on what is currently happening
define future orientation
focused on the future
define optimistic
attitude of positivity towards opportunities
define collectivism
sense of loyalty to the group rather than to ones own needs
define individualism
focused on ones own achievements or needs
define deferred gratification
delaying the financial rewards of employment in order to receive a bigger pay off in the future
define immediate gratification
focused on collecting rewards now
define pro school attitudes
attitudes of subcultural groups that align with those of school ethos
define anti-school attitudes
sub cultural attitudes that oppose school values
how do chinese experience education
education is valued more in Chinese
culture due to authoritarian status of teachers
how do indian experience education
parenting style is more authoritarian which mimics that of the education system
how do pakistani/bangladeshi experience education
more likely to have english as a second language either in children or parents
how do african experience education
females have postitive role models - working mothers
how do caribbean experience education
Sewell (2010) more likely to be single parent families
how do WC experience education
present time orientation, immediate gratification, collectivist nature
how do MC experience education
future orientated, delayed gratification, individualistic, more time spent with children on educational activities
how has the introduction of sure start helped increase working class achievement
helps to give working class parents the skills to educate their children before they go to school. done through speech and reading classes, parenting classes and helping develp social interactions
how does family structure and support have an affect on indian students achievement
indian families have supportive family structures that mirrors the authorisation nature of schools. family structure mostly nuclear with close ties to help children acheive
how does fatalistic attitudes to education of parents affect working class acheivement
WC parents may have negative experiences from own education and adopt fatalistic attitudes they pass onto their children of why work harder
this has been disputed by research
how does racism in wider society affect caribbean achievement
racism in wider society demotivates caribbean students from acheiving as they feel rejected from society. this is mirrored within schools by teacher racism
how does use of elaborated code in education affect pakistani/bangladeshi achievement
pakistani/bangladeshi may have english as a second language, if not among children among parents. this means they struggle to support children with work at home
how does parental attitudes and family structure effect experience of african caribbean boys in education
Sewell suggests that single parent families of afrocaribbeans have a negative impact on boys achievement as they lack a strong role model . this has been questioned recently by role models in the media
what is an evaluation for WC parents having a fatalistic attitude towards education
recent research has shown that many WC parents have high aspirations for their children, but lack the skills needed for this progression for their children
what is evidence for middle class parents having higher levels of investment in their children and therefore more likely to help with things regarding education
sullivans research into cultural capital shows middle class children are more likely to have higher cultural capital because of the books they read and shows they watch
whats an evaluation that the lack of standard english is seen as one of the reasons for underachievement of african and carribean students
the swann report suggested that the level of english for non white ethnic pupils is similar to that of white pupils
what is an evaluation of WC parents instil values of immediate gratification to their children meaning that they are less motivated to well in exams and more likely to leave school early to get employment
immediate gratification and present time orientation of WC could be the result of necessity. many young people have to get jobs to support family or themselves through education
