Cultural and Psychological adjustment (b)

Question 1

What is Culture?

Answer 1

The characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

Question 2

What is the communication process?

Answer 2

Sender-Encode-Message as noise through medium-Decode-Receiver-Feedback-

Question 3

Low-Context Communication

Answer 3

Good communication is precise, simple and clear. Messages
are expressed and understood at face value. Repetition is appreciated if it
helps to clarify the communication

Question 4

High-Context Communication

Answer 4

Good communication is sophisticated, nuanced, and layered.
Messages are both spoken and read between the lines. Messages are often
implied but not plainly expressed

Question 5

Direct Negative Feedback

Answer 5

Direct negative feedback is provided frankly,
honestly. Negative messages standing alone, not softened by positive ones.
Criticism to individual might be given in front of the group.

Question 6

Indirect Negative Feedback

Answer 6

Negative feedback to a colleague is provided
softly, diplomatically. Positive messages are used to wrap a negative one.
Criticism is given only in private.

Question 7

Egalitarian Leadership

Answer 7

The ideal distance between a boss and a subordinate is low. The
best boss is a facilitator among equals.

Question 8

Hierarchal Leadership

Answer 8

The ideal distance between a boss and subordinate is high. The
best boss is a strong director who leads from the front. Status is important.

Question 9

Linear-time Scheduling

Answer 9

Project steps are approached in a
sequential fashion. One thing at
one time. No interruptions.

Question 10

Flexible-time Scheduling

Answer 10

Project steps are approach in fluid
manner. Interruptions are
accepted. Flexibility is valued.

Question 11

Non-verbal Communication Elements

Answer 11

• Facial Expression
• Eye contact
• Gestures
• Distance

Question 12

Communicating Zones

Answer 12

1. Public zone (more than 400 cm)
2. Social zone (120- 400 cm)
3. Personal space (50-120 cm)
4. Intimate zone (0-50 cm)

Question 13

Culture shock

Answer 13

A psychological disorientation experienced by people
who suddenly enter radically different cultural environments to live, to
study or work.

Question 14

First Stage of Culture Shock

Answer 14

• Honeymoon
• During this period, the differences between the old and new culture
  are seen in a romantic light.

Question 15

Second Stage of Culture Shock

Answer 15

• Negotiation
• After some time (usually around three months, depending on the
  individual), differences between the old and new culture become
  apparent and may create anxiety.
• Excitement may give way to frustration and anger. It may occur
  because of unfavourable events that may be perceived as strange and
  offensive to one’s cultural attitude.

Question 16

Third Stage of Culture Shock

Answer 16

• Adjustment
• After some time (usually 6 to 12 months), one grows accustomed to the
  new culture and develops routines.
• The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and
  responses to the culture are reduced

Question 17

Fourth Stage of Culture Shock

Answer 17

• Mastery
• The mastery stage often comes after one and a half years.
• In this phase, people are able to solve problems and manage new
  cultures successfully, and symptoms of culture shock disappear
  largely.
• In the mastery stage individuals are able to participate fully and
  comfortably in the host culture.
• Mastery does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits
  from their earlier culture.