CUE 1 - Global patterns of urbanisation Flashcards
What has happened to the proportion of people living in urban areas since 1945?
Dramatically increased
What was the proportion of people living in urban areas in 1950?
30%
What about 2014?
Just over 50%
Where do the majority of people live in the developed world>
In cities
Why has the urban population only slightly increased in the developed world?
Urbanisation began much earlier in the developed world than in the developing
Why did it happen earlier in the developed world
In the industrial revolution lots of people moved to cities to work in mills and factories
Where do most people live in the developing world
Rural areas - this is changing though
What’s happening in many LICs and NEEs
Old cities are growing and new ones are forming
Whats an example of this
In Beijing the population increased from 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in 2015
What 4 processes involve the movement of people in and out of urban areas?
- Urbanisation
- Suburbanisation
- Counter - urbanisation
- Urban resurgence
What is urbanisation
The growth in the population of people living in urban areas
Why does urbanisation usually occur
Natural increase and migration
What is natural increase
birth rate is higher then death rate
why do people often migrate to cities
for easier access to schools and healthcare and more jobs available
What age are many migrants
young adults
What happens if these migrants have children`?
Population increases more
What can this cause in developing countries
Shanty towns
What are shanty towns
Unplanned and often illegal settlements made of any available materials
What is suburbanisation
The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts
What happens as urbanisation increases
City centers become crowded and desire more space
Why is sub-urbanisation becoming more common
Because of improvements to transport links means people can live further and commute
When do many people move to the suburbs
When they have children or retire
What does suburbanisation cause
A complex pattern of wealthy and poor areas
Where do the wealthier middle class people go
To the suburbs where there’s a better quality of life
What does this cause and why
Economic and ethnic segregation as those left behind are poorer and may include foreign immigrants
What is counter - urbanisation
Movement of people out of the city into surrounding villages and rural areas
Why is it easier now to live in rural areas
Improvements in transport mean people can commute to work and better communications to allow them to work from home
Why do people leave cities
High property prices and overcrowding and others just prefer quiet areas
What can counter-urbanisation lead to
New housing estates in rural areas house prices may increase meaning some locals can’t afford it anymore, it often changes the age and structure of an area
What is urban resurgence
The movement of people back to the city centre
Why do people move back to the city
Because of lack of jobs in rural areas and some are attracted by new developments
Where is urban resurgence common
Post - industrial countries like USA and UK
What were these megacities
New York and Tokyo
What happens to the original residents
May not be able to afford to live in the area and may be forced to cheaper locations
What happens as people move back
New shops and services open, boosting the local economy and creating jobs
What is a megacity?
Urbana area with over 10 million people living there
How many megacities were there in 1950?
2
What % of megacities are in developing nations
2/3 for example Lagos in Nigeria
What cities do migrants often move to
large cities that are experiencing rapid economic growth so the population increases rapidly
How many megacities were there in 2014?
28
How many megacities are predicted in 2030
41
Why do megacities develop
Rural - urban migration and natural increase
What do megacities dominate
National and regional economies of countries
Why do they dominate these
Companies choose to build their headquarters in cities with high numbers of skilled workers and good transport links
what’s a negative of megacities
People live in opposite extremes - some really rich and others extreme poverty
What is a world city
Has political and financial influence over the world
Where are most world cities
Developed worlds like London or Sydney
Whats an example of a world city in an emerging economy
Dubai
Whats happening to the number of world cities since 1950
They’re increasing
What world cities were there in 1950
London, Paris, Tokyo and New York
What is happening to oil -rich counties more recently
They’ve become more recognisable and they’re increasing in importance in global economies and businesses eg - Lagos
What has happened since 1945
World cities have emerged as leaders in banking and finance
What do world cities dominate
International and regional economies in their area
What do world cities usually have
Good International transport links, world-renowned universities and cultural areas
What do good transport links allow
to trade with the rest of the world
What does being home to good universities allow for
They become cenres for science and in novation with high quality research and development facilities
How are world cities centres for cultures
They’re home to large globally influential media and communications as well as theatres museums and cultural attractions
What people of world cities attract
People from other countries like migrants, businesses, visitors, students and tourists
