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Human Geography > CUE 1 - Global patterns of urbanisation > Flashcards

CUE 1 - Global patterns of urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

What has happened to the proportion of people living in urban areas since 1945?

A

Dramatically increased

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2
Q

What was the proportion of people living in urban areas in 1950?

A

30%

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3
Q

What about 2014?

A

Just over 50%

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4
Q

Where do the majority of people live in the developed world>

A

In cities

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5
Q

Why has the urban population only slightly increased in the developed world?

A

Urbanisation began much earlier in the developed world than in the developing

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6
Q

Why did it happen earlier in the developed world

A

In the industrial revolution lots of people moved to cities to work in mills and factories

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7
Q

Where do most people live in the developing world

A

Rural areas - this is changing though

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8
Q

What’s happening in many LICs and NEEs

A

Old cities are growing and new ones are forming

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9
Q

Whats an example of this

A

In Beijing the population increased from 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in 2015

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10
Q

What 4 processes involve the movement of people in and out of urban areas?

A
  • Urbanisation
  • Suburbanisation
  • Counter - urbanisation
  • Urban resurgence
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11
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The growth in the population of people living in urban areas

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12
Q

Why does urbanisation usually occur

A

Natural increase and migration

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13
Q

What is natural increase

A

birth rate is higher then death rate

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14
Q

why do people often migrate to cities

A

for easier access to schools and healthcare and more jobs available

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15
Q

What age are many migrants

A

young adults

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16
Q

What happens if these migrants have children`?

A

Population increases more

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17
Q

What can this cause in developing countries

A

Shanty towns

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18
Q

What are shanty towns

A

Unplanned and often illegal settlements made of any available materials

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19
Q

What is suburbanisation

A

The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts

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20
Q

What happens as urbanisation increases

A

City centers become crowded and desire more space

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21
Q

Why is sub-urbanisation becoming more common

A

Because of improvements to transport links means people can live further and commute

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22
Q

When do many people move to the suburbs

A

When they have children or retire

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23
Q

What does suburbanisation cause

A

A complex pattern of wealthy and poor areas

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24
Q

Where do the wealthier middle class people go

A

To the suburbs where there’s a better quality of life

25
Q

What does this cause and why

A

Economic and ethnic segregation as those left behind are poorer and may include foreign immigrants

26
Q

What is counter - urbanisation

A

Movement of people out of the city into surrounding villages and rural areas

27
Q

Why is it easier now to live in rural areas

A

Improvements in transport mean people can commute to work and better communications to allow them to work from home

28
Q

Why do people leave cities

A

High property prices and overcrowding and others just prefer quiet areas

29
Q

What can counter-urbanisation lead to

A

New housing estates in rural areas house prices may increase meaning some locals can’t afford it anymore, it often changes the age and structure of an area

30
Q

What is urban resurgence

A

The movement of people back to the city centre

31
Q

Why do people move back to the city

A

Because of lack of jobs in rural areas and some are attracted by new developments

32
Q

Where is urban resurgence common

A

Post - industrial countries like USA and UK

32
Q

What were these megacities

A

New York and Tokyo

32
Q

What happens to the original residents

A

May not be able to afford to live in the area and may be forced to cheaper locations

32
Q

What happens as people move back

A

New shops and services open, boosting the local economy and creating jobs

32
Q

What is a megacity?

A

Urbana area with over 10 million people living there

33
Q

How many megacities were there in 1950?

A

2

33
Q

What % of megacities are in developing nations

A

2/3 for example Lagos in Nigeria

33
Q

What cities do migrants often move to

A

large cities that are experiencing rapid economic growth so the population increases rapidly

33
Q

How many megacities were there in 2014?

A

28

33
Q

How many megacities are predicted in 2030

A

41

33
Q

Why do megacities develop

A

Rural - urban migration and natural increase

34
Q

What do megacities dominate

A

National and regional economies of countries

35
Q

Why do they dominate these

A

Companies choose to build their headquarters in cities with high numbers of skilled workers and good transport links

36
Q

what’s a negative of megacities

A

People live in opposite extremes - some really rich and others extreme poverty

37
Q

What is a world city

A

Has political and financial influence over the world

38
Q

Where are most world cities

A

Developed worlds like London or Sydney

39
Q

Whats an example of a world city in an emerging economy

A

Dubai

40
Q

Whats happening to the number of world cities since 1950

A

They’re increasing

41
Q

What world cities were there in 1950

A

London, Paris, Tokyo and New York

42
Q

What is happening to oil -rich counties more recently

A

They’ve become more recognisable and they’re increasing in importance in global economies and businesses eg - Lagos

43
Q

What has happened since 1945

A

World cities have emerged as leaders in banking and finance

44
Q

What do world cities dominate

A

International and regional economies in their area

45
Q

What do world cities usually have

A

Good International transport links, world-renowned universities and cultural areas

46
Q

What do good transport links allow

A

to trade with the rest of the world

47
Q

What does being home to good universities allow for

A

They become cenres for science and in novation with high quality research and development facilities

48
Q

How are world cities centres for cultures

A

They’re home to large globally influential media and communications as well as theatres museums and cultural attractions

49
Q

What people of world cities attract

A

People from other countries like migrants, businesses, visitors, students and tourists

Human Geography (10 decks)

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