Cuba Libre/TR Flashcards
Jose Marti
Cuban exile who led the early efforts in the War of 1895, founded the Partido Revolucionario. Led an independence faction in response to Spain suspending constitutional guarantees, wanted Cuba to be controlled by a democracy during the war.
Partido Revolucionario
Founded in 1892, aimed to unite all people who wanted independence in a single party.
Antonio Maceo
Leader of an independence faction who started military action near Santiago in response to Spain suspending constitutional guarantees. Wanted a military faction to be in control of Cuba until independence was achieved.
Maximo Gomez
Leader of an independence faction who started military action near Santiago in response to Spain suspending constitutional guarantees.
General Valeriano Weyler
Nicknamed “The Butcher of Cuba,” he replaced General Martinez Campos, and brought 50,000 troops with him. He targeted civilians, believing that to defeat guerrilla tactics he had to attack the communities that supported them. Pushed more Cubans towards revolution. Eventually was replaced by Ramon Blanco, who was more tolerant.
Teller Amendment
Passed by the US, said that the US would not annex Cuba. This was done to appease Cuban sympathizers.
“Remember the Maine!”
In 1898, when Spanish loyalists began revolting against home rule, the US sent the U.S.S Maine to Cuba for protection. Eventually the ship blew up and sunk, killing 260 sailors and leaving 102 survivors. “Remember the Maine” became a cry for war.
Platt Amendment
Maintained the old Cuban economic status quo after Cuba Libre and made Cuba an economic satellite of the US. Went into the Cuban constitution after threats of continued militaristic occupancy from the US.
Commodore George Dewey
When the Spanish-American war was approaching, George Dewey was told by Theodore Roosevelt to go to the Philippines and await orders. When war started, he led the Pacific Asiatic Squadron in Manilla.
Manilla, PI
Site of a battle between the US and Spain, Commodore George Dewey led the Pacific Asiatic Squadron in battle and the Spanish fleet was defeated, giving the US its first victory.
Rough Riders
1st Volunteer Calvary Regiment, started by Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood. Called Rough Riders due to being made mostly of cowboys. Theodore Roosevelt wrote about what the Rough Riders were doing, lying to make the Rough Riders sound more heroic then they were.
Theodore Roosevelt in the War
Theodore Roosevelt was Assistant Secretary of the Navy before the Spanish War. After the victory at Manilla, Theodore Roosevelt left his position to enlist in the military. He founded the rough riders and went to war, writing about what he was doing during the war. In his writings, he lied about what was happening during the war, making himself and his men sound much more heroic. After the war, he becomes the most famous man in America.
Open Door Policy
Policy that said that China should remain open. This was done so that everyone could trade with China. Only Great Britain supported it, but nobody openly opposed it, so it passed.
Boxer Rebellion
People called Boxers were unhappy and attacked the embassies in China. Industrial nations shut it down and billed China for the cost of putting down the rebellion. It was the first test of Open Door Policy, and the policy remained after the rebellion.
John Hay
Secretary of State who wrote the Open Door Notes and caused the creation of Open Door Policy in China.
Roosevelt Corollary
Created by Theodore Roosevelt, it was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It changed the Monroe Doctrine from reactive (if you enter a land we will attack), to proactive (if we think you will enter a land, we will move to prevent you).
Marcus Alonzo Hannah
McKinley’s Vice President for the first term, was replaced by Theodore Roosevelt when McKinley ran for re-election.
“That Damn Cowboy”
When McKinley was assassinated, Marcus Alonzo Hannah famously said “Now that dam cowboy’s in the white house.”
Big Stick Diplomacy
Afterr winning the Spanish-American war, Theodore Roosevelt use aggressive “Big Stick” diplomacy tactics to maintain America’s status as an international power. The name comes from Theodore Roosevelt’s phrase: “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
Great White Fleet
Theodore Roosevelt sent the navy on a world tour, where they would pull into ports around the world to show how strong the American navy was. Called the Great White Fleet due to the big white ships the US had.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty between Japan and Russia that Theodore Roosevelt arranged to stop Japan from growing bigger. Japan was unhappy as they were winning, and Theodore Roosevelt got a Nobel Peace Prize for getting the treaty signed.
Panama Canal
Ferdinand Delescence started the canal, and finished a third of it, but then gave up due to tough conditions. He wanted to sell it to the US, but the US found somewhere else they could do it, causing Delescense to lower his price. There was an agreement made between Columbia and the US, but Columbians then wanted more, causing the US to abandon the deal. The US helped Panama in their rebellion, and in return got a much better deal for the land from Panama.
William H. Taft
Presidential candidate backed by Theodore Roosevelt, when he won he undid many policies that Theodore Roosevelt did, causing TR to not be happy with him.
Election of 1912
Theodore Roosevelt wanted to run for a third term, but the Republican party didn’t want him ,instead wanting to help Taft win re-election. However, Woodrow Wilson defeated Taft and became president.
Senator Thomas Platt
Being in charge of New York, he didn’t like Theodore Roosevelt’s way of politics. To get Theodore Roosevelt out of his way, he suggested that Theodore Roosevelt be the Vice President to McKinley, which ended up happening.
