ctenophora

Question 1

how do ctenophores differ from sponges?

Answer 1

They have muscles and nervous systems (aka differentiated tissues, so they’re metazoan)

Question 2

defining characteristics of ctenophores?

Answer 2

Jellylike
Bioluminescent
Plates of compound cilia that occur in rows along the body
Have muscles and nerves

Question 3

ctene

Answer 3

cone
Structures that help the ctenophores swim

Question 4

how do ctenophores differ from cnidaria

Answer 4

No stinging mechanisms
Have colloblasts

Question 5

orders of ctenophores

Answer 5

Cydippida
Lobata
Beroida

Question 6

Cydippida

Answer 6

Order of ctenophore
(Comb jelly is an example)
Ovoid bodies with branches tentacles covered with colloblasts
Typically have 8 rows of ctenes

Question 7

Lobata

Answer 7

Order of Ctenophora
Prominent oral lobes
Very small tentacles
Mouths positioned centrally
Ciliated surface on lobes drives prey towards mouth

Question 8

Beroida

Answer 8

No appendages
Mouth can stretch/“rip open”
Big stiff cilia (macrocilia) surrounding mouth to consume/catch prey- works like a turnstile to let them in but not out
Will eat other ctenophores

Question 9

Colloblasts

Answer 9

Tentacles that produce an adhesive compound that catches prey that brush up against it- may also disorient/paralyze prey

Question 10

Ctenophore anatomical elements

Answer 10

Gastrovascular cavity and anal pores
Ctenes (combs)
Tentacles with branching tentilla
Colloblasts on tentacles
Nerve nets (made of statocysts?)

Question 11

Statocyst

Answer 11

Make up the nerve nets, triggered by different things, including touch

Question 12

Sexual reproduction

Answer 12

All ctenophores are hemaphrodites

Question 13

Phylogeny/evolutionary relationships

Answer 13

Their nervous system differs from that of all other animals
Recent evidence suggests that ctenophores could be the most basal metazoan lineage