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Marine Invertebrates > cnidaria > Flashcards

cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

types of cnidaria

A

Jellyfish
Sea anemones
Corals
Myxozoans

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2
Q

habitat

A

Aquatic

Sessile or weakly swimming

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3
Q

ecology

A

Carnivorous predators, some parasites (myxozoans)
Often have symbiotic zooxanthellae/zoochlorellae

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4
Q

mutualism in coral: trade-offs

A

Symbionts give products of photosynthesis and help with skeletal formation
Coral give waste products like CO2 (useful for photosynthesis) and access to light

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5
Q

major morphological types of cnidarians

A

polyps
medusa

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6
Q

polyps

A

Can be single or form colonies
Genetically identical polyps are produced by budding (although I think sexual reproduction is also possible for them?

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7
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

Muscles contract against fluid in an enclosed compartment to bring about movement

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8
Q

Supporting skeleton

A

Only present in some animals
Made of hard or semi-rigid material

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9
Q

Layers of the body wall

A

Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastrodermis

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10
Q

Feeding

A

Prey immobilized and adhered to tentacle, transferred to digestive cavity, remains regurgitated

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11
Q

Cnidae

A

Discharged from cnidocytes in the epithelium, facilitate prey capture

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12
Q

Types of cnidae

A

Penetrant
Volvent
Adherent

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13
Q

Penetrant cnidae

A

Penetrate prey and inject venom

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14
Q

Adherent cnidae

A

Sticky tubules used for attachment
Assist in attaching prey to cnidarian tentacle

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15
Q

Volvent

A

Whiplike structures that coil around parts of prey and entrap

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16
Q

Nervous system

A

Net-like
No cephalization (formation of head and brain and nervous system centralization

17
Q

Sensory organs

A

Ocelli
Statocysts

18
Q

Ocelli

A

Can detect light

19
Q

Statocysts

A

Detente position in relation to the ground

20
Q

***CNIDARIAN PHYLA

A

Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Cubozoa
Anthozoa

21
Q

Hydrozoan characteristics

A

Solitary or colonial polyps that also have medusae
Polyps may have a supporting exoskeleton
Hydromedusae are small and may be seasonal

22
Q

Unique hydrozoan qualities (what helps distinguished them)

A

Epidermal cnidae only
Gastrovascular cavity is a simple sac
Velum present in hydromedusae

23
Q

Hydroid colonies

A

Repeated budding of CONNECTED polyps
Diverse morphology
All share a Gastrovascular cavity- physiologically interdependent

24
Q

Polyp types

A

Gastrozooid
Gonozooid
Dactylozooid

25
Q

Gastrozooid

A

Polyp type specialized for Feeding

26
Q

Gonozooid

A

Specialized for producing medusae

27
Q

Obelia life cycle

A

Medusa bud detaches from reproductive polyp, reaches sexual maturity, produces gametes, planula
Larva settles, grows and develops into a polyp colony

Asexual budding is how individuals within the colony reproduce

28
Q

Morphology of Hydractinia echinata (snail fur)

A

Feeding tentacles, dactylozooids for defense, developing medusae

29
Q

Cool fact of Turtopsis sp. (immortal jellyfish)

A

Medusae can revert to polyps
- under adverse conditions, adults can turn into a “meatball” which is a young polyp looking for a place to settle down.

30
Q

Life cycle of Aurelia aurita

A

Adults are gonochoristic
Fertilization
Development of planula larvae
Planula settles, becomes scyphistoma (feeding polyp)
Produces identical polyps by budding
Polyps grow to be strobila
Strobila undergo transverse budding (old are on top, new grow under)
Mature strobila pop off and are young adults (ephyra)

31
Q

Regeneration in young Aurelia, old Aurelia

A

Adults- YES regeneration
Young EPHYRA- NO regeneration, YES symmetrization (regaining symmetry after loss of limbs)

32
Q

Portuguese man o’war (physalia physalis) characteristics

A

Sail using gas filled float
Long tentacles
Large numbers of nematocysts
Prey upon fish

33
Q

Class scyphozoa

A

Jellyfish
All Marine
Medusa stage predominates
Polyps (scyphistoma) are small and inconspicuous

34
Q

Class cubozoa

A

Box jellyfish or sea wasps
Bell is square in cross section
Velarium present, making them relatively fast swimmers
Wicked stings
Ex: chironex fleckeri

35
Q

Cool features/characteristics of anemones

A

Acontial filaments
Acrorhagi
Asexual reproduction via pedal laceration
Unusual prey

36
Q

Anthozoa species example

A

Metridium sp

37
Q

Class Anthozoa characteristics

A

Polyps only
Solitary or colonial
Usually produce both sexually and asexually
All marine: hard substrates or burrowing

38
Q

Class Anthozoa- general examples

A

Sea anemones
Sea fans
Sea whips
Sea pens
Sea pansies
Stony corals

39
Q

what are in the order gorgonacea?

A

sea fans and sea whips

Marine Invertebrates (9 decks)

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