Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Craniofacial and Tooth Biology > CTB 8 – Early development of the human head and face > Flashcards

CTB 8 – Early development of the human head and face Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What occurs with phase 1 (0-3 weeks) i.u?

A

Cell proliferation and migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs with phase 2 (3-8 weeks) i.u?

A

Morphogenesis and differentiation

Formation of organs and body structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are teratogens?

A

Substances that introduce birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many weeks i.u. do craniofacial defects can develop?

A

4-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does anencephaly develop?

A

Absence of brain tissue as neural tube fails to close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can anencephaly develop?

A

Folic acid deficiency or high retinoic acid (vit A) levels can interfere with the Hox gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many days i.u. does the embryo head folding begin?

A

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organ develops at 16 days i.u?

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the yolk sac in an embryo?

A

Provides nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is formed from the neural plate in an embryo?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organ develops at 18 days i.u?

A
  • Oropharyngeal membrane develops, separating the future mouth from the pharynx
  • This membrane acts as a transient cell signalling centre to oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the biological term for mouth?

A

Stomodeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organ occurs at 22 days i.u?

A

Formation of the stomodeum

Heart rotates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What length is an embryo at 30 days?

A

4mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens at 30 days i.u?

A
  • Rudiments (anlagen) of most organs are established
  • Oropharyngeal membrane starts to breakdown
  • Pharyngeal arches (PA) 1,2,3 become prominent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cells are outcompeted by other cells in the PA, in the face?

A

Neural crest cells can out compete the mesodermal cells in the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cells from the pharyngeal arches form muscles and bones?

A

Mesodermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the formation of neural crest cells?

A
  • Cells are induced between neuroectoderm and epidermis induced by a morphogenic gradient
  • Neural plate invaginates – forming neural folds and then an open tube
  • Neural folds fuse forming the neural tube – neural crest cells migrate along predetermined pathways
  • Migration continues and become specialised cell types
19
Q

What is the function of the Hox gene in PA1?

A

There is a lack of Hox gene, therefore cranial neural crest cell are specified by Hox gene code

20
Q

What type of bone is the hyoid bone?

A

Composite bone

21
Q

What is eagles syndrome? And the symptoms?

A

Calcified/elongated styloid process

Causing pain and difficulty swallowing

22
Q

What is the facial development at 4-5 weeks?

A
  • Formation and growth of an unpaired frontonasal prominence – mesenchymal cells in the frontonasal prominence
  • Nasolateral and nasomedial processes form the nasal pit
  • Mandibular processes form grows and merge and the same for the maxillary processes
23
Q

How is the nasal placode formed?

A

Thickening of the overlying ectoderm

24
Q

What is the facial development at 5.5-6 weeks?

A
  • Frontonasal prominence recedes as nasomedial processes grow strongly
  • Nasolateral processes and maxillary processes grow – fusing to form the nasolacrimal duct, cheek and alar base of the nose
25
Q

What is the facial development at 7-8 weeks?

A
  • Merging of nasomedial processes
  • Further growth of the maxillary processes
  • Forming – central part of the nose, upper lip and primary palate
  • Upper lip formed from the maxillary processes laterally and in the midline from the nasomedial processes (PHILTRUM)
26
Q

How is the philtrum formed?

A

Fusion between the maxillary processes

27
Q

Define merging.

A
  • Elimination of a furrow between 2 processes – by mesenchymal cell proliferation
  • Always been connected
28
Q

Define fusion.

A
  • 2 processes are separate to begin with
  • Contact between epithelial cells of the process’s triggers fusion of the epithelial cell sheets and then elimination of epithelial cells
29
Q

What does the maxillary process contribute to the facial structures?

A
  • Maxilla

- Upper lateral lip

30
Q

What does the mandibular process contribute to the facial structures?

A
  • Mandible

- Lower lip

31
Q

What does the medial nasal processes contribute to the facial structures?

A
  • Medial part of the nose
  • Upper medial lip
  • Primary palate
32
Q

What does the lateral nasal processes contribute to the facial structures?

A

Lateral part of the nose

33
Q

What processes fail to come together in a median cleft lip?

A

Failure of merging of med nasal processes

34
Q

What processes fail to come together in a bilateral cleft lip?

A

Failure of fusion between maxillary processes and med nasal processes

35
Q

What is the most common cleft lip?

A

Bilateral cleft lip

36
Q

What processes fail to come together in an oblique cleft lip?

A

Failure between maxillary and lateral nasal processes

37
Q

What processes fail to come together in a lateral cleft lip?

A

Failure merger between mandibular and maxillary process

38
Q

What is micrognathia?

A

Small mandible

39
Q

What is agnathia?

A

No mandible

40
Q

What is Pierre Robin Sequence presented in?

A

Micrognathia, cleft lip and glossoptosis

41
Q

What is glossoptosis?

A

Medical condition and abnormality which involves the downward displacement or retraction of the tongue. It may cause non-fusion of the hard palate, causing cleft palate

42
Q

What are the symptoms of teacher collins syndrome?

A
  • Hypoplasia (under development) of mandible (macrostomia) and facial bones (e.g. cheek)
  • Ear malformations
  • Cleft palate
  • Abnormal dentition
  • Slanting of palpebral fissures
  • Eyelid coloboma
43
Q

How does treacher collins syndrome develop i.u?

A

Failure of neural crest cells to migrate into craniofacial region – cells apoptose

44
Q

What is the mutation in treacher collins syndrome?

A

Heterozygous mut in Tcof1 in ribosome biogenesis

Craniofacial and Tooth Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions