CTB 2 – Cranial embryology and osteology – skull review Flashcards
Name unpaired skull bones.
Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, mandible, vomer
Name paired skull bones.
Parietal, temporal, zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, palatine, lacrimal, inferior concha
What is the function the brain case
To protect the brain
What is the function of the mandible and the occipital bones?
For muscle attachments
What bones in the skull make up the respiratory skeleton?
Ethmoid and palatine
What is the function of the temporal, orbit and ethmoid bones?
Protecting ear, eye and organs of smell
What is the skull made up of?
- Cranium
- Braincase
- Cranial vault
- Cranial base
- Upper and lower facial skeleton
What are the 3 sutures of the skull?
Coronal, sagittal and lamboid
What foramen are in the sphenoid bone?
Ovale
Spinosum
Pterygoid canal
What are the boundaries of the interior of the skull?
Lesser wings of sphenoid, jugum sphenoidale, ant. clinoid processes
Superior border petrous temporal, dorsum sellae, post. clinoid processes
What nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, V1, VI, IV
What is the development of the cranial base?
Endochondral ossification
What is the development of the cranial vault?
Intramembranous ossification, mesodermal or neural crest
What is the development of the facial skeleton?
Intramembranous ossification, neural crest origin
What 3 basics are present with in the pharyngeal arches?
Mesoderm with cartilage, nerve and artery
What is developed in the first pharyngeal arch?
Skeletal
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Meckel’s cartilage
- Malleus
- Incus
Muscle
- Muscles of mastication
- Tensor veli
- Tensor tympanic
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior digastric
What is developed in the second pharyngeal arch?
Skeletal
- Styloid
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Stapes
- Reichert’s cartilage
- Upper hyoid
Muscle
- Muscles of facial expresion
- Posterior digastric
- Stapedius
What is developed in the third pharyngeal arch?
Skeletal
- Lower hyoid
Muscle
- Stylopharyngeus
What is developed in the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch?
Skeletal
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
Muscle
- Muscle of pharynx and larynx (except tensor veil)
What is the nerve innervation of the pharyngeal arches?
PA 1 - V2 and V3
PA 2 - VII
PA 3 - IX
PA 4 - X, XI
What is developed in the first pharyngeal pouch?
Tympanic membrane
Pharyngotympanic tube
Middle ear cavity
What is developed in the second pharyngeal pouch?
Palatine tonsil
Palatine recess
What is developed in the third pharyngeal pouch?
Inferior parathyroid glands
Thymus
What is developed in the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
Superior parathyroid glands
C cells of thyroid
What components are involved in the development of the head?
- Frontal prominence
- Maxillary swellings (processes)
- Mandibular swellings (processes)
- Buccopharyngeal membrane
- Nasal placodes
- Lateral and median nasal swellings
- Palate formation
