CSW Exam Study Cards Flashcards
What is detection threshold and recognition threshold?
Detection threshold is the smallest amount of stimuli (i.e. sugar on tongue) necessary to be noticed but not necessarily identified. Recognition threshold is the smallest amount to be noticed and identified.
What 3 acids are commonly found in wine?
tartaric, malic, and lactic
What is the usual action taken in a winery if a wine smells of H2S?
Rack the wine for aeration
What is the average recognition threshold for sugar in wine?
1.0% RS
What are the 2 primary sugars found in grape juice?
glucose and fructose
Which strains of bacteria have the greatest effect on wine?
Lactic bacteria, acetobacter, and brettanomyces
What 3 types of phenolic (complex carbs) compounds are found in wine
Anthocyanins, vanillin, and reveratrol
What are the physical components that make up a grapevine?
root system, trunk, cordon, spur, cane, leaf, cluster
Define clone
descended from single plant
Define a cross
derived from 2 different varieties of same species (i.e. can and sauv blanc = cab franc
Define Hybrid- derived from 2 different species of grapes
derives from 2 different species of grapes
Describe Chardonnay profile
Regions found: France, U.s. Australia Aromas: green apple, pear, melon, tropical, butter, vanilla, butterscotch, toast. Acidity- medium to high Alcohol: medium to high
Describe Chenin Blanc profile
Regions: South Africa, France, U.S Aromas: green apple, citrus, earth, mineral, wet wool, honey, quince Acidity: medium plus to high Alcohol- medium to high
Muscat profile
Region: Southern France, Northern Italy, Australia Aromas: musk, honey, orange blossom, floral, apricot Acidity: low to medium Alcohol: medium to high
Riesling profile
Regions: German , Australia, France, U.S. Aromas: lime, stone fruit, honeysuckle, petrol/kerosene, baking spices Acidity: high to very high Alcohol: very low to high
Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris profile
Region: Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon, France, Germany, Australia Aromas: Apple, lemon, peach, mineral, almond Acidity: low to high Alcohol: medium
Sauvignon Blanc profile
Regions: France, New Zealand, Chile, U.S, South Africa Aromas: grass/hay, grapefruit, asparagus, melon, gooseberry Acid: medium plus to high Alcohol: medium
Cabernet Franc
Regions: France, Italy, U.S Aromas: cranberry, strawberry, tobacco, mushroom, bell pepper, tea, violet Acid: medium to high Tannin: light to medium Alcohol: medium
Cabernet Sauvignon
Regions: France, Chile, U.S., Australia Aromas: black currant, black cherry, eucalyptus, mint, bell pepper, dark chocolate, cedar, vanilla, coffee, tobacco Acid: medium to high Tannin: high alcohol: high
Grenache Profile
Regions: France, Spain Aromas: strawberry, sour cherry, flowers, black pepper Acidity: low to medium Tannin- low to medium Alcohol: high
Merlot profile
Regions: France, U.S, Spain, Italy, Chile Aromas: blueberry, plum, black cherry, mint, coffee, chocolate Acid: medium Tannin: medium Alcohol: medium to high
Pinot Noir profile
Regions: France, U.S, Germany Aromas: cherry, red fruit, earth, violet, mushroom Tannin: low to medium Alcohol: medium
Syrah/Shiraz profile
Regions: France, Australia, U.S Aromas: blackberry, tar, leather, anise, earth, dried fruit, smoke, lavender Acidity: low to medium Tannin: high Alcohol: High
What are the 3 main soil nutrients that vines needs?
-Nitrogen-20 -Phosphorus-10 Potassium-20
Name 3 soil types
Limestone- France Slate- Germany Iron rich loam- widely used
What are the 4 key processes of grape ripening?
1.) photosynthesis- sun converts sunlight to CO2 & H20 into glucose (sugar) and oxygen (this is needed to ripen grapes) 2.) respiration- magic acid and carbs breakdown (this is the process of breaking down sugar to help grow vine) 3.) transpiration-evaporation of water from under leaves (water is needed for photosynthesis) 4.)translocation- movement of sugars & other components throughout the plant.
Name #1, 2, and 3 wine production countries
1 is France #2 is Italy #3 is Spain
Champagne terms: what is assemblage
blending stage of sparkling wines/champagne
Champagne term: what is Rumage
riddling
What is Prestige?
also known as “tete de cuvee” - first pressed- best juice “cream of the crop”
What is a Vintage?
A cuvee of base wines from grapes all harvest from the same year- The goal is to highlight the climate/conditions from that year
What is nonvintage or (NV)
A cute that contains wine from more than one years harvest- normally used to construct a consistent flavor profile or ‘house style”
What is Blanc de Blanc?
A cuvee made only from white grapes
What is Blanc de Noir
A cuvee made only from red grapes
What is liquor de triage?
A mixture of yeast and sugar added beginning the second fermentation in the bottle
What is lees? what is sur lie or lees aging?
Sediment in wine after fermentation consisting of dead yeast cells and grape solids. The longer the wine is in contact with the lees, the more toasty/yeasty the characteristics of the wine
What is disgorging?
Process where the bottle is opened, yeast extracted, and bottle is resealed as quickly as possible.
What is dosage or liqueur de expedition?
The addition of sugar and base wine to sparkling wine after second fermentation and disgorging to replace lost liquid in the bottle and achieve the desired sweetness level.
What is the Transfer Method?
A hybrid procedure that begins like Traditional Method and then transitions to a tank. After lees aging and second fermentation, the wine is emptied into a pressurized tank where is is filtered and dosage is added- eliminates riddling and the individual disgorging and dosage processes. saves time but less aging on the lees= flavors less prominent.
What term may be found on the label of a grower Champagne?
“Rocolant Manipulant” (RM)- wines are made by the same estate that owns the vineyards from which the grapes come.
If a protected place name is used on the label of a (PDO) wine, what min % of the grapes must be from that stated region? *PDO is Protected Designation of Origin
100%
Which AOC in Burgundy Cote de Beaune (which is the Southern route 74) Cote D’Or makes red and white wine Grand Cru?
Aloxe-Corton
Which AOC in Burgundy Cote de Nuit (Northern Route 74) makes red and white Grand Cru
Chambolle-Musigny
What does Provence mainly make?
rose wines -most famous AOCs Bandol and Cote de Provence
Which AOC in Southern Rhone makes only rose?
Tavel AOC- Dry rose- very prestigous!
What are the 3 most widely grown grapes in Southern Rhone? (hint- think Chateau Neuf de Paupe)
G-Grenache S- Syrah M-Mourvedre
What are the main white grapes of Bordeaux?
SSBM- Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle
What are the 3 main red grapes of Bordeaux?
Merlot-62% Cab Sauvignon- 25% Cab Franc- 12% left bank- mainly cabs right bank-mainly merlots
What 2 Crus in Beaujolais are considered the most prestigious and age worthy?
-Moulin-A-Vent -Morgon These can age- Do not go through carbonic maseraction
Name 3 Maconnais Aocs
Vire-Clesse -Pouilly-Fuisse -St. Veran -these are all 100% chardonnay -red wine is made from Gamay in this region
Name the 3 middle AOCs in Cote Chalonnaise. Which is the biggest?
-Rully -Mercurey (biggest) -Givry -these areas make mainly Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Name the 2 Aocs (Northern and Southern most) in Cote Chalonnaise.
northern- Bouzeron-white only (Alight grape) southern- Montagny -mostly white (chardonnay)
Name the 5 Grand Cru villages of the Cote de Beaunne (southern half of Cote D’Or) Known for whites with 1 exception.
-Ladoix-Serrigny -Alox-Corton (makes reds & whites) -Pernand-Vergelesses -Puligny-Montrachet -Chassagne-Montrachet
Name the 5 Grand Cru villages of the Cote de Nuit (northern half of Cote D’Or) Known for reds with 1 exception.
-Gevrey-Chambertin -Morey-Saint-Denis *Chambolle-Musigny(red and white wine) -Vougeout -Vosne-Romanee
What Crus grow on different parts of the slope?
Premier Cru/Village Aocs- Top Grand Cru-middle (best grapes for Pope) Village Aoc/Regional Aoc - Bottom slop
If a protected place name is used on the label of a PGI wine (protected geographical indication), what min percentage of the wine must be from that stated region?
85%
Name the main 2 Campania reds.
DOCGs -Aglianico del Taburno (dry red from Alianico grape) -Tauasi- (dry red from Alianico grape). Powerful and age worthy.
What is a Super Tuscan?
-Super Tuscans do not fall under any labeling laws in Italy -Most have Sangiovese but also have Bordeaux blended” grapes).
Name the 3 most important region in Sicilia
-Cerasuolo di Vittoria- DOCG (dry sherry made with Nero d Avola grape -Etna- DOC (dry reds- made close to volcano) -Marsala DOC (fortified wine
**test question what are the 3 main Super Tuscan regions?
-Bolgheri DOC -Maremma Toscana IGT (upgraded to DOC) -Toscano IGT (upgraded to DOC) **IGT is category for table wine