CSMP - Case Study - Northwood and Jembatan Besi - Social Inequality Impacts People in Different Ways Flashcards
Where is Jembatan Besi and why has inequality occured?
- Slum in Jakarta
- 31k people living in half a kilometre
- Caused by a lack of affordable housing
- Private sector and government do not have resources
to provide sufficient housing
What is housing like in Jembatan Besi?
1) Densley packed. Housing made of scrap materials often by residents (i.e. ground floor often brick/timber but the rest = scrap materials/corrugated iron = so very makeshift). Pressure for spaces has meant extra storeys added
2)Fires common as densely packed and no amenties (i.e kerosene used for light/fuel plus electricity is improvised by residents and overloads)
3) Lacks proper sewers/sanitation (i.e. pay to use private toilets)
What are socio-economic & employments conditions like in Jembatan Besi?
1)Large wealth gap in Jakarta (Poorest 10% = only 3% of resources)
2)Informal sector dominates - most residents less $4 a day (i.e self employed, unregulated businesses) in Besi - e.g. residents sell second hand goods salvaged from waste tips
3)Small scale garment producers = limited formal employ. in Besi - but lack of health and safety/very crowded
What is the environmental quality (& relating health issues) in Jembatan Besi?
1) Few toilets in houses (some run by businesses for profit) - waste dumped in Cilwung River & mixes with drinking water = cholera/typhoid
2) No clean water supplies - some residents take water from groundwater well, which is on waste tip, and so heavily polluted
3)Air pollution in homes caused by kerosene lamps = respiratory diseases
4) Air Pollution from secondary industry drifts across Besi = reducing air quality
What is food security and digital divide like in Jembatan Besi?
1) Rice based diet = few vegetables/proetein = limited vitamins & nutrients
2) Very little access to internet or technology (i.e internet cafes very expensive for residents on $4 a day income). Besi is not well connected digitally compared to other parts of Jakarta
How is government trying to reduce inequality in Jembatan Besi? Effectiveness?
- Jakarta Housing & Administrative Buildings agency has
identified 392 ‘community units’ that are going to
improve (i.e clearing slum areas, upgrading materials
used in houses, installing key services like sanitation) - BUT most slum residents just move to other slums (i.e
Ciliwung River Slums) causing more pressure there
What are the impacts of social inequality on peoples lives in Jembatan Besi?
1) Poor housing and lack of amenties (i.e. proper sanitation/electricity/running water) can cause a variety of health problems
2) Poor economic conditions lead to poor diets, limited educational advancement opportunities, digital disconnection & higher crime rates (i.e limited income and so can lead to thefts/robbery/drug trafficking)
Where is Northwood & why did it occur?
- Northwood is a suburb in the ‘edge city’ of Irvine (a planned city built on the edge of the L.A conurbation in the 1960s/70s).
- It is a planned and sufficient urban development that has housing, businesses, retail and commercial.
What is housing like in Northwood?
- Spacious single family homes with lots of space (‘large lots’).
- Low household pop (2.8 people per house vs Besi 5 per home).
- House value high (avg. $930k) & 91% are owner-occupiers
What are socio-economic & employments conditions like in Northwood?
1) Very wealthy (median household income above $110k, nat avg: $63k)
2) Lots of high-tech companies (i.e aerospace, pharma) and research companies (Blizzard Enterntainment - video game producer)
3) Opp. in education (Uni of California, Irvine is biggest employer)
4) TNCs with nat. headquarters (Toshiba, Kia Motors & Mazda)
What is the environmental quality (& relating health issues) in Northwood?
- On edge of L.A conurbation and so air pollution is very low (i.e. away from congestion/smog of L.A CBD).
- Easy access to Pacific Ocean & Santa Ana Mts. = opportunties for exercise and clean environment.
- Private healthcare is available- e.g. Hoag Hospital Irvine (one of best hospitals in USA)
What are education conditions in Northwood?
1) Lots of choice and high quality - 5 high schools that are nationally and state ranked
2) Very educated population (68% have a degree, 20% have a PHD)
What are crime rates like in Northwood?
1) Crime is low - 61% below the national average (very few violent crimes or vehicle thefts)
What is the ethnic composition of Northwood?
Large white and Asian population (latter due to migration after Vietnam War)
What is food security and digital divide like in Northwood?
- Digitally connected due to great infrastructure and lots of finances (i.e Irvine 500mb-1gb a second coverage)
- California has one of the highest food production/consumption rates in the US
Impacts of social inequality on peoples lives in Northwood?
1) Very healthy due to enough resources & location - adequate nutrition, good housing, space for exercise and poor air quality
2)Wealth due to excellent employ. opp & education facilities = creates a cycle of wealth (wealthy = well funded schools = get good jobs = more wealth)
What is the population density of Northwood?
Pop: 49k over 10km (much lower density than that of Besi)
