CSD343- Ear

Question 1

What does the outer ear consist of?

Answer 1

• Pinna
• External Auditory meatus
• Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)

Question 2

What does the middle ear consist of?

Answer 2

• Ossicles (Ear Bones)
• Eustachian Tube
• Oval Window

Question 3

What are the ossicle bones?

Answer 3

Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)

Question 4

What does the inner ear consist of?

Answer 4

• Cochlea
• Semicircular canals
• utricle
• saccule

Question 5

Where is Crista ampularis located?

Answer 5

located in the ampulla of each of the semicircular canals in the inner ear

Question 6

What is the location of the vestibule and what is its function?

Answer 6

• balance and spatial orientation
• Located between the Cochlea and Semicircular Canals (inner ear)

Question 7

What is the first connection after the cochlea in the auditory pathway?

Answer 7

cochlear nucleus

Question 8

How the displacement of the basilar membrane results in a shearing action?

Answer 8

Up and down movement of the basilar membrane causes shearing force acting on the cilia of the hair cells of the organ of Corti

Question 9

Which hair cells have the most connection with the auditory cortex?

Answer 9

Inner hair cells are the primary sensory receptors

Question 10

What happens when stereocilia on hair cells are damaged?

Answer 10

it impairs the hair cells’ ability to fire electrical signals, leading to hearing loss or auditory dysfunction

Question 11

What hair cells continuously touch the tectorial membrane?

Answer 11

Outer hair cells

Question 12

How many inner hair cells and outer hair cells are there in the organ of corti?

Answer 12

Inner- 1 hair cell
Outter- 3 hair cells

Question 13

What tunnel of corti separates the inner and outer hair cells?

Answer 13

Organ of Corti.

Question 14

What fluid is in the Membranous Labyrinth?

Answer 14

Endolymph

Question 15

What fluid is in the Bony Labyrinth?

Answer 15

Perilymph

Question 16

What is the location of the oval window and what covers it?

Answer 16

located above the promontory covered by the stapes footplate

Question 17

What is the location of the round window and what covers it?

Answer 17

Located beneath the promontory and covers the cochlear opening

Question 18

what is the location of the scala vestibuli?

Answer 18

Located in the cochlea, above the cochlear duct (scala media

Question 19

what is the location of the scala media and what is its function?

Answer 19

located within the cochlea, houses the hair cells that convert sound vibrations into electrical signals

Question 20

what is the location of the scala tympani

Answer 20

cochlea

Question 21

which portion of the cochlea contains organ of corti ?

Answer 21

the scala media (cochlear duct) of the cochlea

Question 22

What is the function of the stria vascularis?

Answer 22

responsible for producing the endolymph and supplies cochlea with oxygen and nutrients

Question 23

What is the shape and resonance properties of the basilar membrane?

Answer 23

-The base (narrower and stiffer) resonates with high frequencies.
-The apex (wider and more flexible) resonates with low frequencies.
- spiral-shaped structure

Question 24

Where the high and low frequencies resonate on the basilar membrane?

Answer 24

High-frequency sounds cause vibrations at the base of the cochlea
Low-frequency sounds cause vibrations at the apex

Question 25

What is the sequence of energy transmission that allows for hearing?

Answer 25

Sound Waves are captured by the pinna and travel through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane

Question 26

What is the morphology and function of the external auditory meatus

Answer 26

Protects the tympanic membrane and

Question 27

How does the vestibular system work?

Answer 27

responsible for detecting changes in head position and motion

Question 28

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 28

• epithelium
• Substantia propria
• mucous membrane

Question 29

Where is the opening of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 29

tympanic cavity and nasopharynx

Question 30

What muscle is responsible for opening the Eustachian (auditory) tube?

Answer 30

tensor veli palatini

Question 31

What is the location boney labyrinth and what fluid does it produce?

Answer 31

located in the petrous portion of
the temporal bone and Perilymph

Question 32

Where is the auditory cortex?

Answer 32

Temporal lobe

Question 33

What is the location membranous labyrinth and what fluid does it produce?

Answer 33

located in the boney labyrinth and Endolymph.

Question 34

Where is the stapes located

Answer 34

located in the inner ear. It is positioned in the oval window

Question 35

How is the vestibular system related to proprioception?

Answer 35

Proprioception is the body’s ability to sense its position in space

Question 36

How do the crista ampullaris and the macula work?

Answer 36

• The crista ampullaris detects rotational motion in the semicircular canals
• the macula detects linear acceleration (forward and
  sideways)

Question 37

What is the name of the test given by audiologist to test the vestibular system?

Answer 37

Electronystagmography (ENG)

Question 38

what is the Roman numeral and for name for the cranial nerve that carries information to the brain from the vestibular system and the cochlea?

Answer 38

Vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as Cranial Nerve VIII (8)

Question 39

What are the landmarks of the vestibular system?

Answer 39

Semicircular Canals
Ampulla
Utricle
Saccule

Question 40

what do the semicircular canals do?

Answer 40

Detect rotational movements

Question 41

What does the Ampulla do?

Answer 41

Contains sensory cells (crista ampullaris) that respond to rotational movements.

Question 42

What do the Utricle and Saccule do?

Answer 42

Detect linear acceleration (horizontal in the utricle, vertical in the saccule).