csd ch 5 Flashcards
allophones
a family of related sounds which may be said with some variation but still be considered that particular phoneme.
aspiration
puff of air following /p/ at the beginning of a word
vowel
produced with a relatively open/unobstructed vocal tract
consonant
produced with some degree of constriction
bilabial
constriction occurs at both lips
labiodental
made with the bottom lip and upper teeth in contact
interdental
tongue between teeth (linguadental)
alveolar
tongue tip is touching the alveolar (upper gum ridge)
palatal
center of the tongue is near the hard palate.
velar
rear of the tongue approaches the velum/soft palate during production
glottal
constriction occurs at the level of the vocal folds
‘stop consonants’
p, b, t, d, k, g. air pressure is built up behind the point of constriction, momentarily stopped, then released.
fricative
s, z, f, v. produced with narrow passageway for the air to pass through, creating a friction like noise.
affricates
ch, j. begin as stops, release as fricatives
nasals
m, n, /n/ the only sounds produced with an open velopharyngeal port; energy comes through the nose, rather than the mouth
glides
articulatory position changes gradually from consonants to vowel.
liquids
/l/ /r/; produced with an open vocal tract, considered vowel-like consonants.
cognate pairs
consonants that have the same place and manner but differ in regards to voicing
dipthong
two vowels said in close proximity, producing a special kind of phoneme
myelination
development of a protective myelin sheath/sleeve around the cranial nerves.
babbling
random vocal play
reduplicated babbling
strings of consonant/vowel syllable repetitions or self-imitations: cv-cv-cv
jargon
long strings of syllables with adultlike intonation
variegated babbling
adjacent and successive syllables in the string are purposely non identical