csd ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

allophones

A

a family of related sounds which may be said with some variation but still be considered that particular phoneme.

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2
Q

aspiration

A

puff of air following /p/ at the beginning of a word

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3
Q

vowel

A

produced with a relatively open/unobstructed vocal tract

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4
Q

consonant

A

produced with some degree of constriction

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5
Q

bilabial

A

constriction occurs at both lips

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6
Q

labiodental

A

made with the bottom lip and upper teeth in contact

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7
Q

interdental

A

tongue between teeth (linguadental)

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8
Q

alveolar

A

tongue tip is touching the alveolar (upper gum ridge)

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9
Q

palatal

A

center of the tongue is near the hard palate.

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10
Q

velar

A

rear of the tongue approaches the velum/soft palate during production

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11
Q

glottal

A

constriction occurs at the level of the vocal folds

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12
Q

‘stop consonants’

A

p, b, t, d, k, g. air pressure is built up behind the point of constriction, momentarily stopped, then released.

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13
Q

fricative

A

s, z, f, v. produced with narrow passageway for the air to pass through, creating a friction like noise.

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14
Q

affricates

A

ch, j. begin as stops, release as fricatives

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15
Q

nasals

A

m, n, /n/ the only sounds produced with an open velopharyngeal port; energy comes through the nose, rather than the mouth

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16
Q

glides

A

articulatory position changes gradually from consonants to vowel.

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17
Q

liquids

A

/l/ /r/; produced with an open vocal tract, considered vowel-like consonants.

18
Q

cognate pairs

A

consonants that have the same place and manner but differ in regards to voicing

19
Q

dipthong

A

two vowels said in close proximity, producing a special kind of phoneme

20
Q

myelination

A

development of a protective myelin sheath/sleeve around the cranial nerves.

21
Q

babbling

A

random vocal play

22
Q

reduplicated babbling

A

strings of consonant/vowel syllable repetitions or self-imitations: cv-cv-cv

23
Q

jargon

A

long strings of syllables with adultlike intonation

24
Q

variegated babbling

A

adjacent and successive syllables in the string are purposely non identical

25
phonetically consistent forms
sound-meaning relationships, sound patterns function as proto words, or infant words.
26
morphonemic contrasts
changes in pronunciation as a result of morphological changes.
27
open syllable
ends in a vowel
28
closed syllable
ends in a consonant
29
correlates
related factors
30
craniofacial anomalies
congenital malformations of the head and face (i.e. cleft lip or palate)
31
CP cerebral palsy
a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination (spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage to the brain before or at birth.
32
CAS
childhood apraxia of speech
33
intelligibility
how easy it is to understand an individual's speech
34
stimulability
ability of an individual to produce the target phoneme when given focused auditory/visual cues.
35
external error sound discrimination/interpersonal error sound discrimination
the ability to perceive differences in another person's speech
36
internal error sound discrimination/intrapersonal error sound discrimination
the ability to judge one's own outgoing speech
37
traditional motor approach (therapy)
begins with auditory discrimination training, establishment of the new sound using sound-evoking techniques, production practice with the newly established sound in isolation and in nonsense syllables/words/phrases/sentences/conversations, and generalization/maintenence practice.
38
sensory motor approach
similar, but does not include auditory discrimination training and begins with production at the syllable level, rather than sound isolation.
39
minimal pair contrasts
the contrasting of phonemes in pairs of words
40
multiple oppositions approach
uses maximal contrast word pairs
41
metaphonological skills
ability to analyze, think about, and manipulate speech sounds.
42
metaphon approach
1) expanding knowledge of the sound system in the language 2) transferring the knowledge to communicative situations, teaching to self-monitor/correct speech output