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MINERALOGY > Crystal Chemistry > Flashcards

Crystal Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 most abundant elements

A

Oxygen
Silicon
ALUMINUM
IRON
CALCIUM
SODIUM
POTASSIUM
MAGNESIUM

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2
Q

The most abundant elements

A

OSiliAlFeCalSoPoMag

O See, AlFeCal, na pota mag

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3
Q

Why silicates are the most abundant minerals

A
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4
Q

The type of bonding MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
-Variable hardness
-Brittle at room temp
-Quite soluble in polar substance
-Intermediate melting temp
-Translucent to transparent

A

Ionic bonding

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5
Q

Mineral characteristics:
Hard and brittle at room temp
-Insoluble in polar substance
-Crystallize from melts
-Moderate to high melting temp
-Translucent to transparent

A

Covalent bonding

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6
Q

Bonding of mineral in which has a characteristic of:

-Fairly soft to moderately hard

A

Metallic bonding

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7
Q

Mineral characteristics:
-Soft
-Poor conductors
- Low melting Points
- Low crystal Symmetry

A

Van der waals bonding

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8
Q

Occurs in hydrated or hydroxyl minerals

A

Hydrogen bonding

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9
Q

Process of replacing one ion to another ion due to its availability in the environment

A

Atomic substitution

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10
Q

Exist when two or more ions of similar radius and the same charge substitute for one another in a coordination in any proportion

A

Simple complete substitution

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11
Q

Example of simple complete substitution

A

Olivine

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12
Q

Involves the simultaneous substitution of ions of different charges in two different structural sites

A

Coupled ionic substitution

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13
Q

Example of coupled ionic substitution

A

Plagioclase feldspar

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14
Q

Exist between end members of a solid solution series

A

Limit ionic substitution

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15
Q

flat surfaces enclosing crystals that are formed when enclosed minerals stop growing.

A

Crystal faces

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16
Q

Smallest unit of pattern

A

Motif

17
Q

Repeated by a set of symmetry operations, will generate the long range pattern characteristic of the crystal

A

Motif

18
Q

A point used to represent any motif

A

Node

19
Q

Repetition of these fundamental units of pattern with long range order

A

Symmetry operation

20
Q

Differentiate simple complete substitution, coupled ionic substitution and limit ionic substitution

A
21
Q

Percentages of elements

A

Oxygen- 46.4
Silicon- 27.7
Aluminum- 8.1
Iron- 5
Calcium-3.6
Sodium-2.8
Potassium-2.6
Magnesium-2.1

MINERALOGY (32 decks)

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