Crystal Chemistry

Question 1

What are the 8 most abundant elements

Answer 1

Oxygen
Silicon
ALUMINUM
IRON
CALCIUM
SODIUM
POTASSIUM
MAGNESIUM

Question 2

The most abundant elements

Answer 2

OSiliAlFeCalSoPoMag

O See, AlFeCal, na pota mag

Question 3

Why silicates are the most abundant minerals

Question 4

The type of bonding MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
-Variable hardness
-Brittle at room temp
-Quite soluble in polar substance
-Intermediate melting temp
-Translucent to transparent

Answer 4

Ionic bonding

Question 5

Mineral characteristics:
Hard and brittle at room temp
-Insoluble in polar substance
-Crystallize from melts
-Moderate to high melting temp
-Translucent to transparent

Answer 5

Covalent bonding

Question 6

Bonding of mineral in which has a characteristic of:

-Fairly soft to moderately hard

Answer 6

Metallic bonding

Question 7

Mineral characteristics:
-Soft
-Poor conductors
- Low melting Points
- Low crystal Symmetry

Answer 7

Van der waals bonding

Question 8

Occurs in hydrated or hydroxyl minerals

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonding

Question 9

Process of replacing one ion to another ion due to its availability in the environment

Answer 9

Atomic substitution

Question 10

Exist when two or more ions of similar radius and the same charge substitute for one another in a coordination in any proportion

Answer 10

Simple complete substitution

Question 11

Example of simple complete substitution

Answer 11

Olivine

Question 12

Involves the simultaneous substitution of ions of different charges in two different structural sites

Answer 12

Coupled ionic substitution

Question 13

Example of coupled ionic substitution

Answer 13

Plagioclase feldspar

Question 14

Exist between end members of a solid solution series

Answer 14

Limit ionic substitution

Question 15

flat surfaces enclosing crystals that are formed when enclosed minerals stop growing.

Answer 15

Crystal faces

Question 16

Smallest unit of pattern

Answer 16

Motif

Question 17

Repeated by a set of symmetry operations, will generate the long range pattern characteristic of the crystal

Answer 17

Motif

Question 18

A point used to represent any motif

Answer 18

Node

Question 19

Repetition of these fundamental units of pattern with long range order

Answer 19

Symmetry operation

Question 20

Differentiate simple complete substitution, coupled ionic substitution and limit ionic substitution

Question 21

Percentages of elements

Answer 21

Oxygen- 46.4
Silicon- 27.7
Aluminum- 8.1
Iron- 5
Calcium-3.6
Sodium-2.8
Potassium-2.6
Magnesium-2.1