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GORGAS > Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora And Microsporidia > Flashcards

Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora And Microsporidia Flashcards

1
Q

Prominent cause of diarrhea in children is low income countries?

A

Cryptosporidium hominis

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2
Q

How is cryptosporidium spread?

A

Person to person spread is most important
Drinking water (cryptosporidium resists chlorination)
Recreational water
Contaminated food
Animals

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3
Q

How does cryptosporidium present?

A

Childhood diarrhea
Outbreaks
Travellers diarrhoea
AIDS and immunocompromised hosts

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4
Q

How does cryptosporidium present in children?

A

Acute, watery stools
5-10 stools a day
Diarrhea can become recurring

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5
Q

How does cryptosporidium present in adults?

A

It won’t present in adults who live in endemic areas
Travellers or immunocompromised
Less likely to cause fever and vomiting

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6
Q

How is cryptosporidium linked to malnutrition?

A

Causes worse diarrhea in children with malnourishment

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7
Q

Long term sequelae of cryptosporridium

A

Stunting
Decreased fitness and cognitive impairment

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8
Q

How does cryptosporidium manifest in AIDS?

A

With advanced AIDS causes chronic diarrhoea with foul smelling stools
Weight loss and wasting
Can also spread to biliary tract

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9
Q

What is biliary disease in cryptosporidium?

A

Sclerosing cholangitis, papillary stenosis, acalculous cholecystitis

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10
Q

Dx of cryptosporidium

A

AFB stained stools
Immunofloursence
Molecular tests are the best–antigen tests, PCR

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11
Q

Tx of Crytposporidium?

A

Normally self limiting
Nitazoxanide can be used

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12
Q

What is key in life cycle of Cyclospora cayatensis?

A

Oocysts need to mature in environment
Spread via veg/fruit
NOT person to person spread

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13
Q

How does Cyclospora present?

A

2.5 weeks if left untreated
Otherwise non specific symptoms

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14
Q

How do you diagnose cyclospora?

A

Acid fast staining, see variability in staining

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15
Q

Tx of Cyclospora?

A

Co-trimoxazole
Fluid and electrolytes, give zinc to children

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16
Q

Where is cystoisospora belli found?

A

Worldwise, especially in tropical areas
Common cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients

17
Q

What sets cystoisospora apart from Crytposporidium and cyclospora?

A

Is associated with eosinophilia

18
Q

How does cystoisospora present in AIDS patients?

A

Chronic diarrhea
Frequent biliary tree involvemt
Low grade eosinophilia

19
Q

How do you treat cystoisospora belli?

A

Co-trimoxazole

20
Q

What are microsporidia?

A

Similar to fungi
Spread aa spores

21
Q

What is most common pathogenic species of Microsporidia?

A

Enterocytozoon bieneusi and E Intestinalis

22
Q

What is epidimology of Microsporidia?

A

Found worldwide
Heavily assoc with AIDS patients

23
Q

How do you treat E Intestinalis? E Bieneusi?

A

Albendazole
Fumagillin

24
Q

How does Microsporidia preset in AIDS patients?

A

Diarrhea
Keratoconjunctivitis
Wasting
Myositis

GORGAS (33 decks)

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