Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora And Microsporidia Flashcards
Prominent cause of diarrhea in children is low income countries?
Cryptosporidium hominis
How is cryptosporidium spread?
Person to person spread is most important
Drinking water (cryptosporidium resists chlorination)
Recreational water
Contaminated food
Animals
How does cryptosporidium present?
Childhood diarrhea
Outbreaks
Travellers diarrhoea
AIDS and immunocompromised hosts
How does cryptosporidium present in children?
Acute, watery stools
5-10 stools a day
Diarrhea can become recurring
How does cryptosporidium present in adults?
It won’t present in adults who live in endemic areas
Travellers or immunocompromised
Less likely to cause fever and vomiting
How is cryptosporidium linked to malnutrition?
Causes worse diarrhea in children with malnourishment
Long term sequelae of cryptosporridium
Stunting
Decreased fitness and cognitive impairment
How does cryptosporidium manifest in AIDS?
With advanced AIDS causes chronic diarrhoea with foul smelling stools
Weight loss and wasting
Can also spread to biliary tract
What is biliary disease in cryptosporidium?
Sclerosing cholangitis, papillary stenosis, acalculous cholecystitis
Dx of cryptosporidium
AFB stained stools
Immunofloursence
Molecular tests are the best–antigen tests, PCR
Tx of Crytposporidium?
Normally self limiting
Nitazoxanide can be used
What is key in life cycle of Cyclospora cayatensis?
Oocysts need to mature in environment
Spread via veg/fruit
NOT person to person spread
How does Cyclospora present?
2.5 weeks if left untreated
Otherwise non specific symptoms
How do you diagnose cyclospora?
Acid fast staining, see variability in staining
Tx of Cyclospora?
Co-trimoxazole
Fluid and electrolytes, give zinc to children
Where is cystoisospora belli found?
Worldwise, especially in tropical areas
Common cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients
What sets cystoisospora apart from Crytposporidium and cyclospora?
Is associated with eosinophilia
How does cystoisospora present in AIDS patients?
Chronic diarrhea
Frequent biliary tree involvemt
Low grade eosinophilia
How do you treat cystoisospora belli?
Co-trimoxazole
What are microsporidia?
Similar to fungi
Spread aa spores
What is most common pathogenic species of Microsporidia?
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and E Intestinalis
What is epidimology of Microsporidia?
Found worldwide
Heavily assoc with AIDS patients
How do you treat E Intestinalis? E Bieneusi?
Albendazole
Fumagillin
How does Microsporidia preset in AIDS patients?
Diarrhea
Keratoconjunctivitis
Wasting
Myositis
