Crude oil, Fuels and Carbon Compounds

Question 1

How is Crude Oil formed?

Answer 1

Marine plants+animals die
are deposited on sea bed
then compressed over millions of years

Question 2

what does Finite mean?

Answer 2

will run out

Question 3

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

what is fractional distillation

Answer 4

separating hydrocarbons by heating them.

Question 5

example of a hydrocarbon

Answer 5

crude oil

Question 6

the fractioning column:

Answer 6

1.hot vapours rise
2. vapors condense when boiling point is reached.
3. hydrocarbons with high boiling point condense lower down the tube

Question 7

the longer the carbon chain the……

Answer 7

higher the boiling point

Question 8

the shorter the carbon chains the…..

Answer 8

lower the boiling point

Question 9

what length of carbon chains are more useful

Answer 9

shorter because lower boiling point = better fuels

Question 10

water boiling point

Answer 10

100

Question 11

ethanol boiling point

Answer 11

78

Question 12

alkanes

Answer 12

many elephants prefer blue pineapples

meth
eth
prop
but
pent

Question 13

what bonds do alkanes have??

Answer 13

single covalent bonds

Question 14

what bonds do alkenes have?

Answer 14

double covalent bonds

Question 15

are alkenes or alkanes more reactive?

Answer 15

alkenes. the present double covalent bond makes them very reactive

Question 16

is crude oil a compound element or mixture

Answer 16

mixture

Question 17

Thermosoftening

Answer 17

to melt

Question 18

thermosetting

Answer 18

burn/char

Question 19

properties of plastic:

Answer 19

flexible
strong
low density
good thermal insulators
good electrical insulators
do not rust

Question 20

advantage of plastic

Answer 20

cheap

Question 21

disadvantage of plastic

Answer 21

micro-plastics = unnecessary pollution

Question 22

What is the combustion reactions of hydrocarbons that burn with sufficient oxygen

Answer 22

hydrocarbons + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 23

What is the combustion reactions of hydrocarbons that burn with insufficient oxygen

Answer 23

hydrocarbons + oxygen = carbon monoxide + water

Question 24

what is the combustion reaction of hydrogen

Answer 24

hydrogen burns in oxygen and forms water

Question 25

uses of hydrogen

Answer 25

used as a rocket fuel + used in some cars as an more eco friendly fuel.

Question 26

advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel

Answer 26

- no greenhouse gasses are produced during its combustion - good alternative due to other finite fuel running out

Question 27

disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel

Answer 27

- flammable - its production relies on fossil fuels. - hard to store and transport.

Question 28

what is the fire triangle?

Answer 28

3 essential things that fire needs to burn - oxygen - fuel - heat removing any of these will stop the fire from burning

Question 29

what is cracking

Answer 29

a way to turn un-reactive alkANES into more useful alkENES

Question 30

products of hydrocarbon cracking

Answer 30

-alkane -alkene

Question 31

define isomerism

Answer 31

2 compounds that have the same molecular formula but their structure differs in some way

Question 32

what is an addition reaction

Answer 32

2 or more molecules combined to form a larger one.

Question 33

Test for AlkENES

Answer 33

Bromine water decolourises (orange to clear/colourless)

Question 34

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 34

alkenes opening their bonds to connect with other molecules

Question 35

properties of polymers

Answer 35

- easily reshaped - chemically unreactive