Crude oil and fuel Flashcards
Mixture
When some elements or compounds are mixed together and intermingle but do not react together (i.e. no new substance is made). A mixture is not a pure substance.
Distillation
Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation.
Fraction
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil.
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Alkane
Saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, for example methane, ethane and propane.
Saturated hydrocarbon
Describes a hydrocarbon that contains only single carbon-carbon bonds, they do not contain any C=C double bond.
Fractional distillation
A way to separate liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting liquid.
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or the ‘thickness’ or resistance of a liquid to pouring.
Flammable
Easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly.
Oxidised
A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance (or where electrons are lost from a substance.)
Incomplete combustion
When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing a carbon monoxide as a toxic product.
Carbon monoxide
A toxic gas whose formula is CO.
Particulate
Small solid particle given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of its fuel.
Sulfur dioxide
A toxic gas whose formula is So2. It causes acid rain.
Nitrogen oxides
Gaseous pollutants given off from motor vehicles, a cause of acid rain.
Global warming
The increasing of the average temperature of the Earth.
Global dimming
The reflection of sunlight by tiny solid particles in the air.
Biofuel
Fuel made from animals or plant products.
Biodiesel
Fuel made for cars made from plant oils.
