Crude oil and fuel Flashcards
Mixture
When some elements or compounds are mixed together and intermingle but do not react together (i.e. no new substance is made). A mixture is not a pure substance.
Distillation
Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation.
Fraction
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil.
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Alkane
Saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, for example methane, ethane and propane.
Saturated hydrocarbon
Describes a hydrocarbon that contains only single carbon-carbon bonds, they do not contain any C=C double bond.
Fractional distillation
A way to separate liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting liquid.
Viscosity
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or the ‘thickness’ or resistance of a liquid to pouring.
Flammable
Easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly.
Oxidised
A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance (or where electrons are lost from a substance.)
Incomplete combustion
When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing a carbon monoxide as a toxic product.
Carbon monoxide
A toxic gas whose formula is CO.
Particulate
Small solid particle given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of its fuel.
Sulfur dioxide
A toxic gas whose formula is So2. It causes acid rain.
Nitrogen oxides
Gaseous pollutants given off from motor vehicles, a cause of acid rain.
