Crude Oil Flashcards
Isomer
Same molecular formula, different structure
Unsaturated
Compounds that have double bonds
Saturated
Only contain single bonds
Alkanes
CnH2n+2
Saturated
Single bonds
Alkenes
CnH2n
Unsaturated
Double bonds
Saturation experiment for Alkene
Add bromine water
Brown –> colourless
(stay brown in alkane)
Hydrocarbon
Compound that contains hydrogen and carbon ONLY
Homologous series properties
1- Trend in physical properties
2- Similar chemical properties
Explain how fractional distillation can be used to separate crude oil.
1- Different hydrocarbons have different oiling points so crude oil can be separated into fractions
2- The crude oil is heated and vaporised and passed into the fractioning column
3- The fractioning column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
4- The vapour rises and the hydrocarbon condenses when it reaches it’s boiling point.
How does the length of the molecules in the fractions chance as you go up the column?
The length of the molecules decrease in the fractions as you go up the fraction column
What are conditions for carrying out cracking?
Heating the substance (aluminium/silica) at 600-700°
Volatility
How easy something can turn into a gas
Flammability
How easy something catches fire
Viscosity
Thickness of water
What is Crude oil?
mixture of hydrocarbons
What does incomplete combustion of fuels produce?
carbon monoxide, which is poisonous because it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen
Order of Gasses in Fractional Distillation
Refinery Gas Gasoline Kerosine Diesel Fuel oil Bitumen
What is Refinery Gas used for?
Heating and Cooking
What is Gasoline used for?
Fuel for cars
What is Kerosine used for?
Fuel for planes
What is Diesel used for?
Fuel for trains/trucks
What is Fuel oil used for?
Fuel for ships
What is Bitumen used for?
To make Tar for roads
Where is it most viscous?
At the bottom
Where is the highest boiling point?
At the bottom
