Crossing cell membranes Flashcards
What is passive diffusion?
The movement of small molecules across a membrane without the need for energy.
Example: Oxygen and carbon dioxide move through cell membranes via passive diffusion.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The process of transporting molecules across a membrane via carrier proteins without energy.
Example: Glucose transport into cells using specific transport proteins.
What are ion channels?
Proteins that allow specific ions to pass through a membrane down their concentration gradient.
What is active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis?
The process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.
What is active transport driven by ion gradients?
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using the energy stored in ion gradients.
What is endocytosis?
The process by which cells engulf external substances, bringing them into the cell.
What is phagocytosis?
A type of endocytosis where large particles or cells are engulfed by the cell.
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
A selective process where cells take in specific molecules based on receptor binding.
What are bacterial cell walls?
Rigid structures that provide shape and protection to bacterial cells.
What are eukaryotic cell walls?
Cell walls found in some eukaryotic organisms, providing structure and support.
What are matrix structural proteins?
Proteins that provide structural support in the extracellular matrix.
What are matrix polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates that contribute to the structure and function of the extracellular matrix.
What are matrix adhesion proteins?
Proteins that help cells adhere to the extracellular matrix.
What are cell-matrix interactions?
The interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix that influence cell behavior.
What are adhesion junctions?
Structures that connect adjacent cells and provide mechanical stability.
