Bioenergetics Flashcards
What’s ATP?
the most commonly used “energy currency” of cells. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP synthase - an Ion Channel enzymatic complex that provides energy for the cell through the synthesis of ATP.
Calvin cycle
a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts producing 3 ADP, and 2 NADP+ and 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) that make one glucose molecule
Chloroplast
are organelles that capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a processes called photosynthesis.
Thylakoid- membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts in which the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
The major spaces in the mitochondrion: the intermembrane space, the stroma and the lumen of the thylakoid.
Citric acid cycle
a key component of the metabolic pathway in the mitochondrion by which all aerobic organisms generate energy. It provides precursors for the reducing agent NADH. Two cycles are required per glucose molecule and at the end of two cycles, the products are: 2 GTP, 6 NADH, 2 QH2, and 4 CO2
Glycolysis
a sequence of ten reactions converts glucose into pyruvate. The free energy released in this process is used to form ATP and NADH.
Mitochondrion
a membrane-enclosed organelle of eukaryotic cells that generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP. Two major spaces in the mitochondrion: the Matrix and the inter membrane space.
Photosynthesis
conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight occurs in cells of plants, algae and bacteria. The first photosynthetic organisms are thought to be evolved about 3,500 million years ago
Redox potential
the tendency of a chemical to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced measured in volts (V), or millivolts (mV).
