Criminology: AC4.1 - JC

Question 1

Crime control policies to reduce offending include the use of drugs, diet and sugary:

Answer 1

1) Alcohol abuse
2) Heroin addiction
3) Sex offenders
4) Managing prisoners
5) Diet
6) Surgery
7) Crowd control and public order offences

Question 2

CCTV and Surveillance

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Physiological Theories)

Answer 2

Criminal profiling

Question 3

Eugenics

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Genetic Theories)

Answer 3

Tendency to commit crime is through the inheritance of a criminal gene. This idea is discredited now but it was previously associated with a movement known as ‘eugenics’.

Question 4

Alcohol abuse treatment

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 4

The drug, Antabase is used in aversion therapy to treat alcoholism.
It works by preventing the body from breaking down alcohol immediately causing hangover symptoms if the user consumes even a small amount of alcohol.

Question 5

Heroin addiction treatment

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 5

Methadone is used to treat addicts, as a long-term alternative to heroin or to prevent withdrawal symptoms. It is medically controlled and used to reduce crime.

Question 6

Sex offenders

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 6

Stilbestrol is a form of ‘chemical castration’ that has been used to treat male sex offenders. It is a female hormone that suppresses testosterone to reduce sex drive. However, it can have serious side effects such as psychiatric disorders.

Question 7

Managing prisoners

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 7

Sedatives and tranquillisers such as Valium, Librium and Largactil have been used to keep prisoner’s calm.

Question 8

Diet

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 8

Diet can be modified to try and change behaviour. For example, removing food with artificial colouring from a child’s diet.

Question 9

Surgery

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 9

1) Surgical castration
2) Lobotomy: a major procedure that
involved cutting the connection
between the frontal lobes of the brain and the thalamus. It can have serious side effects.

Question 10

Crowd control and public order offences

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

(Biological Theories)

Answer 10

Chemical substances can be used to control crowds, for example tear gas could be used during a riot despite the side effects such as vomiting and difficulty breathing