Criminal Psychology - Topic 3: Collecting Evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

Background Study - Fisher & Geiselmann

What did he do? (2)
To reduce bias?
2 Results?

A

He tested the cognitive interview in the field using a field experiment with actual interviews of real witnesses by serving Police detectives.

All detectives were experienced with a minimum of five years with the division.

To reduce bias:

  • The post training interviews were analysed by a team at the University of California who were blind to the conditions.

Results:

  • Strong support was obtained for the effectiveness of the cognitive interview in the field.
  • 85% more information was obtained from witnesses to real events with no loss of accuracy.
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2
Q

Key Research - Memon & Higham (Method/Aim, Conclusions)

A

Method/ Aim:

  • review article which reviews the effectiveness of the cognitive interview and methodological issues in research on the cognitive interview.
  • Research suggests the cognitive reinstatement stage when the witness mentally reconstructs the circumstances of when they saw the incident is the most effective component.
  • Milne found that the context reinstatement gained as many facts as the whole Cognitive Interview in a mock witness study.
  • Memon and Higham also looked at comparison interviews which could be used to see if the cognitive interview is effective.

Conclusions:

  • concluded that the structured interviews is the best comparison because it has good rapport and no interruption which is similar to the cognitive interview but with no cognitive element.
  • Overall they concluded more research was required to see if the cognitive interview is effective.
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3
Q

PEACE Model

A

Step 1: Planning and preparation

  • Plot events on a timeline for information retention
  • What is known about interviewee and what needs to be established

Step 2: Engage and explain

  • Explain purpose of the interview
  • Reason, routines (e.g. recording of interview, nodding/shaking head is verbalised), outline, expectations

Step 3: Account – clarification, challenge

  • Uninterrupted Account
  • High use of open questions, summaries

Step 4: Closure

  • Summarise account for mutual understanding
  • Maintain professional style

Step 5: Evaluation

  • Evaluate information obtained
  • Aims and objectives reached?
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