Child Psychology - Topic 4: Development and Education Flashcards
1
Q
Background Study - Piaget
What stages?
What theory?
What do children learn through?
Extra fact?
A
- He believed that children develop in stages starting with the sensorimotor stage and ending with formal operational stage.
- He suggested a maturational theory of cognitive development that combined Nature (going through stages) and Nurture (requires learning)
- Said children learn through schemata’s in which information assimilates (disagrees) with our current understanding and we have to accommodate to change our schemata
- However he ignores social aspects of learning
2
Q
Key Research - Wood (Aim, Method, Sample, Procedure, Results)
A
Aim:
- to investigate the instructional relationships between tutors and children in the context of skill acquisition and problem solving.
Method:
- They used a controlled observation with an artificial environment
- participant were observed individually for 20 minutes to an hour.
Sample:
- 30 children aged 3,4 and 5 within a 5-mile radius of Harvard University.
- The participants were equally split between the 3 ages.
Procedure:
- The tutor had to help the child construct a 3D wooden pyramid from blocks by following a standard procedure of tutoring and allowing the child to do as much as possible independently.
- The behaviours were categorised and inter-rater reliability was found to be 94%.
Results:
- that the children’s ratio of incorrect to correct solution was:
- 3-year-old = 9:0 - 4 year olds = 2:8 - 5 year olds = 1:2 - The 3-year-old children often rejected the help of the tutor.
- The tutor also only stuck to procedure with 4 year olds 86% of the time as they offered more help than allowed.
3
Q
Application - 2 strategies
A
Cognitive Strategy 1 – Context dependency eg. Grant
Cognitive Strategy 2 – Retrieval Practice eg. Karpicke said that 1 study period with 3 retrieval attempts lead to 50% more recall compared to people that just study
