Child Psychology - Topic 4: Development and Education Flashcards

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1
Q

Background Study - Piaget

What stages?
What theory?
What do children learn through?
Extra fact?

A
  • He believed that children develop in stages starting with the sensorimotor stage and ending with formal operational stage.
  • He suggested a maturational theory of cognitive development that combined Nature (going through stages) and Nurture (requires learning)
  • Said children learn through schemata’s in which information assimilates (disagrees) with our current understanding and we have to accommodate to change our schemata
  • However he ignores social aspects of learning
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2
Q

Key Research - Wood (Aim, Method, Sample, Procedure, Results)

A

Aim:

  • to investigate the instructional relationships between tutors and children in the context of skill acquisition and problem solving.

Method:

  • They used a controlled observation with an artificial environment
  • participant were observed individually for 20 minutes to an hour.

Sample:

  • 30 children aged 3,4 and 5 within a 5-mile radius of Harvard University.
  • The participants were equally split between the 3 ages.

Procedure:

  1. The tutor had to help the child construct a 3D wooden pyramid from blocks by following a standard procedure of tutoring and allowing the child to do as much as possible independently.
  2. The behaviours were categorised and inter-rater reliability was found to be 94%.

Results:

  • that the children’s ratio of incorrect to correct solution was:
        - 3-year-old = 9:0
        - 4 year olds = 2:8 
        - 5 year olds = 1:2 
  • The 3-year-old children often rejected the help of the tutor.
  • The tutor also only stuck to procedure with 4 year olds 86% of the time as they offered more help than allowed.
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3
Q

Application - 2 strategies

A

Cognitive Strategy 1 – Context dependency eg. Grant

Cognitive Strategy 2 – Retrieval Practice eg. Karpicke said that 1 study period with 3 retrieval attempts lead to 50% more recall compared to people that just study

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