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Criminology unit 2 > criminal and deviant behaviour > Flashcards

criminal and deviant behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

what is the social defintion for crime

A

where society says that a certain act is a crime so they make it one

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2
Q

what is the legal definition of crime

A

where the legal system decides whats a crime and what not a crime

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3
Q

in the UK’s legal system, what 2 thing do there have to be for someone to be found guilty

A

actus reus (guilty act)

mens rea (guilty mind)

basically meaning you have to commit a crime and intend to do it

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4
Q

what is strict liability

A

where offences are commited but mens rea isnt needed to be found guilty

e.g. a restaurant having bad hygiene

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5
Q

what are legal defences

A

these are ways you can be found not guilty even if actus reus and mens rea is present

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6
Q

what are the 2 main legal defences

A
  1. insanity
  2. self defence
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7
Q

what is the legal defence insanity

A

where the offender doesnt understand what they are doing is wrong/ illegal

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8
Q

what is the legal defence self defence

A

where the offender used resonable force to protect/ defend themselves or others

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9
Q

why is it difficult to define crime

A

even with social and legal definitions of crime. it is hard to define certain behaviours as criminal acts

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of sanctions

A

formal

informal

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11
Q

what is a formal sanction

A

they are penalties that are recognises and enforced by authoritiy figues such as police and the government to ensure people follow societys norms, values and moral codes.
they can be court based and none court based

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12
Q

what are some court based sanctions

A

custodial sentences
community service
fines
discharge

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13
Q

whats a custodial sentence

A

where the offender get immediately sentenced to prison for a mandatory and sometimes fixed time

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14
Q

whats community service

A

where the pffender has to do unpaid work to give back to the communtiy. during doing this the offender may have to be drug tested and might have a curfew

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15
Q

whats a fine

A

financial penalties- the amount depends of the severity of the crime

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16
Q

what is discharge

A

where the offender is let go but have to follow strict rules like curfew and have to check in with a probation officer. if they break any of the rules they will get sent back to prison

17
Q

what are some none-court sanctions

A

cautions

conditional cautions

penalty notices

18
Q

what are cautions

A

they are warnings given to police about minor crimes . they go on record but there arent any major consquences but if authority ask you if you have any you have to admit it

19
Q

what are conditional cautions

A

they are warning from police but with that you have to follow certain rules like a curfew etc.

20
Q

whats a penalty notice

A

these are notice given for minor crimes and only given to people older than 18

21
Q

what are summary offences

A

these are minor crimes that are seen to by magistrates court

22
Q

whats the max sentencing for summary offences

A

6 months inprisonment and/or up to £5000 fine

23
Q

what are either way offences

A

these are offences that can be seen to in either crown or magistrates court

24
Q

what is the sentencing for either way offences

A

it varies as the different courts sentence different things

25
Q

what are indictable offences

A

these are the most serious offences that get taken straight to crown court

26
Q

what is the sentencing for indictable offences

A

it varies but the maximum you can be sentenced in corwn court is life inmprisonment

27
Q

what is deviance

A

an act that violates societies norms, values and moral codes (mores)

28
Q

what are social norms?

A

norms that are expected socially. they guide the behaviour of people and explain why people act the way they act

29
Q

what are moral codes

A

the good ways of behaving. breaking them is serious in society

30
Q

what are social values

A

rules shared by most people in a given culture. it is what people think should happen

31
Q

what is admired behaviour

A

behaviour that is considered good but still breaks the social norms, values and moral codes e.g. running into a fire to save someone

32
Q

what is odd behaviour

A

not criminal behaviour but acting in a way what is seen as different

33
Q

what is bad behaviour

A

behaviour that is law breaking and criminal

34
Q

what are informal sanctions

A

not legally binding way to enforce social norms, values, moral codes. given by non-authority figures. e.g. silent treatment, dirty looks etc

Criminology unit 2 (8 decks)

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