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Sociology > Crime Sociologists > Flashcards

Crime Sociologists Flashcards

1
Q

Crime is inevitable and universal

A

Durkheim

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2
Q

There are several reasons for crime and deviance in every society

A

Durkheim

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3
Q

Boundary maintenance

A

Durkheim

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4
Q

Crime is a warning that society isn’t working properly

A

Cohen

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5
Q

Official crime stats don’t give a valid picture on crime so shouldn’t be used as a resource of fact. (Just for conversation)

A

Cicourel

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6
Q

Crime and deviance is socially constructed

A

Becker

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7
Q

Whether a deviant act is labelled depends on a number of factors.

A

Becker

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8
Q

Negotiation of Justice Study

A

Cicourel

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9
Q

In the media moral panics are created and deviants are demonised when it comes to powerless groups.

A

Cohen

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10
Q

Deviance Amplification Spiral

A

Wilkins originally came up with the concept
Cohen uses a spiral to show moral panics and their effect.

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11
Q

Disintegrative and reintegrative shaming

A

Braithwaite

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12
Q

Being labelled as ‘different’ turns into being labelled ‘paranoid’

A

Lemert

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13
Q

When a patient enters a psychiatric hospital,the patients personal identity is replaced by one of an ‘inmate’.

A

Goffman

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14
Q

Pseudo-patient study

A

Rosenhan

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15
Q

Interactionists too quickly explain crime committed by WC/ ethnic minority as a social construction.

A

Lea and Young

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16
Q

Crime is a rational response to the capitalist system.

A

Gordon

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17
Q

Laws to protect private property are an essential part of the capitalist economy.

A

Chambliss

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18
Q

The capitalist state is reluctant to pass laws that regulate the activities of businesses or threaten their profitability.

A

Snider

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19
Q

‘Street crimes’ are far more likely to be reported and pursued by the police.

A

Reiman

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20
Q

Selective enforcement of the law gives the impression that criminals are mainly working class.

A

Gordon

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21
Q

Laws can appear to benefit the working-class, but benefit the ruling.

A

Pearce

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22
Q

In 200 firms all had broken health and safety laws, only one. 5% had been prosecuted.

A

Carson

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23
Q

Fully social theory of deviance

A

Taylor et al

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24
Q

White collar crime is ‘ a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation’.

A

Sutherland

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25
Q

Corporate crime is ‘any illegal actor mission that is a result of deliberate decisions of culpable negligence by a legitimate business organisation intended to benefit the business’.

A

Pearce and Tombs

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26
Q

White-collar crime does more damage than Street crime.

A

Tombs

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27
Q

biosocial theory of crime

A

Wilson and Herrnstein

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28
Q

Main cause of crime is low intelligence

A

Herrnstein and Murray

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29
Q

New rabble

A

Murray

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30
Q

Growing up around criminals

A

Bennet et al

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31
Q

Differential association

A

Sutherland

32
Q

Rational choice

A

Ron Clarke

33
Q

Routine Activity theory

34
Q

Broken Windows Theory

A

Wilson and Kelling

35
Q

Relative Deprivation

36
Q

Increased individualism in society makes relative deprivation worse

37
Q

Late, modernity has worsened crime.

38
Q

Modern day policies are doing attempts to re-create the golden age of the 1950s

39
Q

Chivalry thesis

40
Q

Conducted a study providing evidence for ‘chivalry thesis’

A

Graham and Bowling

41
Q

Conducted a study providing evidence against ‘chivalry thesis’

A

Buckle and Farrington

42
Q

Jailing of women is not based on the seriousness of the crime, but on the court assessment of them as a wife, mother and daughter.

43
Q

Functionalist sex role theory

44
Q

Criminality is innate

A

Lombroso and Ferrero

45
Q

Patriarchal control theory

A

Heidensohn

46
Q

Class and gender deals

47
Q

Liberation thesis

48
Q

Hegemonic and subordinate masculinity

A

Messerschmidt

49
Q

Bodily capital

50
Q

Tough guise

A

Jackson Katz

51
Q

Institutional racism-study on occupational culture

A

Simon Holdoway

52
Q

Argue ethnic differences in crime stats represent real differences in levels of offending

A

Lea and Young (left realists)

53
Q

Relative dep,marginalisation,subcultures

A

Lea and Young

54
Q

Policing the crisis-‘mugging’ in the early 1970s study

A

Hall et al

55
Q

Black young men are unfairly targeted by the media.

A

Paul Gilroy (Neo Marxist)

56
Q

Found that key focus on crime in media was murder and petty crimes.

A

Schlesinger and Tumber

57
Q

Found newspaper reporting of rape cases increased from under a quarter of all cases in 1951 to over a third in 1985.

A

Soothill and Walby

58
Q

News values

A

Galtung and Ruge

59
Q

Copycat violence

A

Albert Bandura

60
Q

Found in USA that those who watched over 4 hours of TV a day had higher levels of crime .

A

Gerbner et al

61
Q

Found tabloid readers and heavy watchers of TV expressing greater fear of becoming a victim of crime.

A

Schlesinger and Tumber

62
Q

Viewers give different meanings to media violence.

A

Greer and Reiner

63
Q

Media turns crime itself into a commodity

A

Jock Young

64
Q

Folk devils and moral panics

A

Stan Cohen

65
Q

Globalisation of crime

A

Held et al

66
Q

Spiral of denial

A

Stan Cohen

67
Q

Holocaust shows modern features

68
Q

Authorisation,routinisation,dehumanisation

A

Kerman and Hamilton

69
Q

Categories of state crime

A

McLaughlin

70
Q

State crime is ‘illegal or deviant activity, perpetrated by, or with the complicity of state agencies’

A

Green and Ward

71
Q

Primary and secondary green crime

A

Nigel South

72
Q

McMafia

73
Q

Globalisation created greater inequality and rising crime

A

Ian Taylor

74
Q

Strain theory

75
Q

Functional sex role theory

Sociology (10 decks)

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