CRIME SCENE INV - WOUNDS Flashcards
It is the conduct of processes, more particularly, the recognition, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include the identification and interview of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene, the manner the criminal act was executed, and such other things that may be useful in the prosecution of the case.
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
the place where the essential ingredients of the criminal act took place.
crime scene
golden rule of crime scene investigation
do not touch, alter,move or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is properly marked, measured, sketched, or photographed
The searcher proceeds slowly at the same pace along the path parallel to one side of the rectangle.
Strip Method
This search is a modification of the strip search method. The searchers will traverse first parallel to the base and then parallel to the side.
Double Strip or Grid Method
The searchers follow each other in the path in the spiral manner beginning from the center towards the outside or vice versa.
Spiral Method
The searchers gather at the center and proceed outwards along radii or spokes.
Wheel/ Ray Method
Whole area is divided into subdivisions or quadrants and search is made in the individual quadrants.
Zone Method
is a comprehensive study of a dead body, performed by a trained physician employing recognized dissection procedure and techniques.
Autopsy
It indicates that in addition to an external examination the body is open and internal examination is conducted.
Autopsy
It refers to an external examination of a dead body without incision being made, although blood and other body fluids may
be collected for examination.
Post-mortem Examination
Kinds of Autopsy
a. Hospital or Non-official Autopsy
b. Medico-legal or Official Autopsy
Persons who are Authorized to Perform Autopsies and Dissections
a. Health Officers;
b. Medical officers of law enforcement agencies; and
c. Members of the medical staff of accredited hospitals.
if after all efforts, including gross and microscopic studies and toxicological analyses, fail to reveal a cause of death.
Negative Autopsy
It is an autopsy which after a meticulous examination with the aid of other examinations does not yield any definite cause of death.
Negative Autopsy
An autopsy wherein no cause of death is found on account of imprudence, negligence, lack of skill or lack of foresight of the examiner.
Negligent Autopsy
is the injury, disease or the combination of both injury and disease responsible for initiating the trend or physiological disturbance, brief or prolonged, which produce the fatal termination. It may be immediate or proximate.
cause of death
is the explanation as to how the cause of death came into being or how the cause of death arose.
manner of death
- This applies to cases when trauma or disease kill quickly that there is no opportunity for sequelae or complications to develop.
Immediate (Primary) Cause of Death
- The injury or disease was survived for a sufficiently prolonged interval which permitted the development of serious sequelae which actually caused the death.
The Proximate (Secondary) Cause of Death
- This is death caused by a natural disease condition in the body. The disease may develop spontaneously, or it might have been a consequence of physical injury inflicted prior to its development.
Natural Death
are those due to injuries inflicted in the body by some forms of outside force. The physical injury must be the proximate cause of death.
Violent Death
happens outside the sway of our will, and although it comes about through some act of will, lies beyond bounds of human foreseeable consequences.
Accidental Death
Death due to misadventure or accident.
Accidental Death
Under Art. 12, No. 4 of Revised Penal Code; Elements of the Provision
(a) A person is performing a lawful act
(b) He performed it with due care
(c) He caused injury to another by mere accident
(d) He is without fault and with no intention of causing it
- Death due to reckless imprudence, negligence, lack of skill or lack of foresight.
Negligent Death
the act of intentionally causing one’s own death.
Suicidal Death
Any person who shall assist another to commit suicide shall suffer the penalty of
prision mayor
if such person lends his assistance to another to the extent of doing the killing himself, he shall suffer the penalty of
reclusion temporal
if the suicide is not consummated the penalty of
arresto mayor in its medium and maximum periods
- Any person who shall kill his father, mother, or child, whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any of his ascendants or descendants, or his spouse, shall be guilty of parricide.
Parricidal Death ; Parricide (Art. 246, Revised Penal Code)
- Infanticide is the killing of a child less than 3 days old.
Infanticidal Death;
Infanticide (Art. 255, Revised Penal Code)
Elements of Homicide
(a) That a person was killed
(b) That the accused killed him without any justifying circumstances.
(c) There is the intention on the part of the offender to kill the victim and such presumption can be inferred from the death of the victim
(d) That the killing does not fall under the definition of the crime of murder, parricide or infanticide.
- When while several persons, not composing groups organized for the common purpose of assaulting and attacking each other reciprocally, quarrel and assault each other in a confused and tumultuous manner
Death Caused in a Tumultuous Affray (Art. 251, Revised Penal Code)
in the course of affray someone is killed, and it cannot be ascertained who actually killed the deceased, but the person or persons who inflicted serious physical injuries can be identified, such person or persons shall be punished by
prision mayor
If it cannot be determined who inflicted the serious physical injuries on the deceased, the penalty of
prision correctional in its medium and maximum periods
Any legally married person who, having surprised his spouse in the act of committing sexual intercourse with another person, shall kill any of them or both of them in the act or immediately thereafter, or shall inflict upon them any serious physical injury, shall suffer the penalty of
destierro
The spouses must be legally married. If not, the situation may only give rise to the
mitigating circumstance of Passion or Obfuscation
Executions by garroting, decapitation by means of the guillotine and by drowning which were common during the medieval days
Judicial Death
- A person is made to sit on a chair made of electrical conducting materials with straps of electrodes on both wrists, ankles, and head. An alternating current voltage of more than 1,500 volts is put on until the convict dies.
Death by Electrocution
- The convict is made to stand in an elevated collapsible flatform with a black hood on the head, a noose made of rope around the neck and the other end of which is fixed in an elevated structure above the head.
Death by Hanging
death by firing squad aka fusillading (french: fusil, rifle)
Death by Musketry
- The convict is enclosed in a compartment and an obnoxious or asphyxiating gas is introduced. The most common gas used is
Death by Gas Chamber; carbon monoxide.
The convict will not be removed from the gas chamber unless he is pronounced dead by the
penitentiary physician.
is the deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person usually suffering from an incurable and distressing disease.
Euthanasia or “mercy killing”
Intentional or deliberate application of the means to shorten the life of a person.
Active Euthanasia
the putting to death of a person in compliance with the wishes of the person (patient) to shorten his sufferings.
Active Euthanasia
There is absence of the application of the means to accelerate death but the natural course of the disease is allowed to have its way to extinguish the life of a person.
Passive Euthanasia
When an incurably ill person is allowed to die a natural death without the application of any operation or treatment procedure.
Orthothanasia
When there is an attempt to extend the life span of a person by the use of extraordinary treatments without which the patient would have died earlier.
- Dysthanasia
It is the deprivation of a regular and constant supply of food and water.
Death from Starvation
- It happens when the necessary food has been suddenly and completely withheld from a person.
Acute starvation
- It happens when there is a gradual or deficient supply of food.
Chronic starvation
is the impairment of the body structure or function caused by the outside force.
injury
- It is a break or the dissolution in the continuity of the skin or tissues of the living body.
wound
Wound which when inflicted is capable of causing death immediately after infliction or shortly thereafter
Fatal Wound
Wound when inflicted will not endangers one’s life.
Non-Mortal/Non-Fatal Wound
An injury in the substance of the skin, discoloration of the surface due to extravasation of blood. This is due to the application of a blunt instrument.
Contusion Wound
this is the extravasation of blood in the newly formed cavity. This is due to the application of a blunt instrument.
Hematoma Wound
tearing of the skin due to forcible contact of blunt instrument.
Lacerated wound
wound produced on the body by sharp edge instrument.
Incised wound
wound produced on the body by sharp-pointed instrument
Punctured wound
wound brought about by change of atmospheric pressure
Barotrauma
wound brought about by heat or cold
Frostbite, burns or scald
wound brought about by chemical explosion
Gunshot or shrapnel wound
layers of skin torn off completely or only flap of skin remains
Avulsion
wound characterized by the removal of the superficial layer of the skin brought by friction against a hard, rough object.
Superficial Wound
wound involves the inner structure beyond the layers of the skin.
Deep Wound
one in which the wounding agent enters the body but did not come out or the mere piercing of a solid organ or tissue of the body.
Penetrating Wound
When the wounding agent produces communication between the inner and outer portion of the hollow organs.
Perforating Wound
It may also mean piercing or traversing completely a particular part of the body causing communication between the points of entry and exit of the instrument or substance producing it.
Perforating Wound
Physical injury which is located at the site of the application of force.
Coup Injury
Physical injury found opposite the site of the application force.
Contre-Coup Injury
Physical injury located at the site and also opposite the site of application of force
Coup Contre-Coup Injury
Physical injury located not at the site nor opposite the site of the application of force but in some areas offering the least resistance to the force applied.
“Locus Minoris Resistencia”
Physical injury involving a greater area of the body beyond the site of the application of force. It has not only the wide area of injury but also the varied types of injury.
Extensive Injury
Wound which is the result of a person’s instinctive reaction of self-protection. Injuries suffered by a person to avoid or repel potential injury contemplated by the aggressor.
Defense Wound
wound produced by the shape of the instrument or object reflected in the body.
Patterned Wound
self-inflicted wound is a wound produced on oneself. As distinguished from suicide, the person has no intention to end his life.
Self-inflicted Wound
