Crime & Punishment Industrial Era Flashcards
IE time period?
1700-1900
IE Crimes?
Highway robbery
Smuggling
Poaching
What led to growth in highway robbery?
More travelling alone
Handguns more accessible/ easy fire
Rough roads outside towns
No police force
Stolen loot sold in taverns
What led to a decline in highway robbery?
Roads improved
Coaches’ speed increased
Urbanisation outside london
Bank system developed
JPs refused to license taverns wih stolen loot
IE changes in poaching?
The Black Act 1723 meant hunting armed or disguised as black was punishable by death
IE how was smuggling punishable?
By bloody code
How much tea was smuggled?
3 million lbs per year
What was the hawkhurst gang?
Organised group of smugglers
Who was the Tolpuddle martyrs?
Trade Union (6 farmers) that wanted their wages unreduced
Inspired by the french Revolution
Dorset villiage
How were the Tolpuddle martyrs punished? 1834
7 years of transportation to Australia
Consequences of Tolpuddle martyrs?
Outrage from public led to 1836 recieve pardon and return to England
The government is prepared to use the law to protect interests (no revolution)
The government prepared to work under pressure
IE continuity in law enforcement?
Parish constables
Watchmen
Part time soldiers (riots)
What was the night watch?
Lit lamps in the streets
Call out time
Prevent crime by patrolling streets
IE Features of police?
Uniforms
Standardised pay
Fitness requirements
Patrol routes
IE Criticism of MET
High employee turnover 600/2500 kept over yr
Costs
Hostile attitudes
Poorly trained
Reasons why people wanted to keep bloody code?
Deterrence (public)
No alternatives (traditional)
Made government look strong
Reasons why people wanted to rid the bloody code?
Makes government look weak (undermine law)
Public executions led to more crime (theft, violence)
Transportation could be used as an alternative
When was bloody code gone?
1832
Who were theif takers?
Men who charged a fee to capture criminals and return stolen goods
IE first police force?
Bow Street Runners 1749
Bow Street Runners?
Fielding brothers
Given government grant (1785)
70 members by 1800
Transportation?
Australia
Hard labour
Rehabilitation
Decline in the 1840s
Peak 1833 6779 prisoners
Reasons why people wanted transportation to stay?
Willing sentence by juries
Convicts stayed in Australia
Gold rush in Australia 1851
Pay was higher
Reasons why people wanted to rid transportation?
Australia is now a colony, so there is no need to establish control
Crime rate increased, so not effective
High costs (500k per yr)
Prisons were an alternative
What was the Gaols Act 1823?
Proper food & water
Separated by gender
Magistrates visit prisons
Paid wardens
Prisoners could no longer pay fines to be released
Who was Elizabeth fry?
1780-1845
Prison reformist
Set up prayer groups in prison why?
Due to poor conditions
300 women & kids in 3 rooms
Exploitation of women
Types of prison?
Pentoville, separate system, silent system
Pentonville?
Small cell with hammock toilet and loom to work at
Thick walls (can’t hear)
Went to church in cubicles so only see chaplain
Strengths/limitations of pentoville?
Cleaner
No school for criminals
No education
Isolation led to poor mental health, 3 suicide
Why were silent systems created?
After the garroting crisis, thought there were criminal types and some could not be reformed
Silent system?
Pointless work
Whipped
Bread and water
What was the garroting crisis?
Strangling victim so other could pickpocket them
