Crime control, prevention and punishment Flashcards
What are the 4 types of punishment?
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Punishment- deterrence?
Bringing offenders to justice publicly punishing them encouraging potential offenders to think twice
Punishment- Incapacitation?
Protecting victims by stopping repetition of behaviour
Involves limiting offenders freedom e.g. imprisonment
Punishment- Rehabilitation?
Prevents offenders from committing crimes in the future
Does this by changing attitudes and behaviour
Punishment- Retribution?
Involves society giving fair and just punishment to offender
Often seen as satisfying desire of victim, family and friend
Similar to vengeance
Durkheim- mechanical society?
Few specialists in jobs like building if this breaks down easily replicable
People break system by committing crime
Durkheim- punishment in industrialisation?
Retribution
Severely punished
Organic solidarity?
More specialist divisions of labour
Lack collective consciousness
3 aims of punishment Marxist?
Religion penance and fines
Later mid life- brutal punishment
By 17th prison developed
Marxist prison changed- Melossi and Pavarin?
Prison developed in 17th century to impose discipline
Similarly to those in factory works that didn’t submit to factory disciple allies being sent to prison
So they learned to be subservient labour force exploited by rc
Criticise theoretical views of punishment?
Simplistic
Don’t take into account gender and ethnicity and it is clearly case that an occasion capitalist find themselves on the wrong side of law ending up being imprisoned or punished in other way
Foulcaults view on punishment?
Changed overtime
past- punishment of the body: tortue, physical effective deterrent
now- punishment of the mind: surveillance, more effective than the body, gives state more power, society a huge panopticon and we are all prisoners
4 ways to reduce crime in society?
Create more social cohesion
Makes crime harder to commit and punishment harsher
Make a fairer society reducing the amount of relative deprivation
-We know whos more likely to be deviant, so should we intervene and put measures in place in order to reduce the number of future deviants
Crime prevention- left vs right?
Response of crime depend on ideology of govt in power at the time, influenced by right and left
Left realism crime prevention?
Social and community
-Aim to address economic and social causes of crime making society fairer and improve confidence in police identifying future deviants and intervene preventing future crime
LR- Social and community examples?
-Policies to reduce cultural and material deprivation such as sure start encourging beyyer paremtinh and educe social exclusion (abandoned in coalition and conservative govt)
-Minium wadge
-Police and community together PACT group identifyin issues that worry them and get police and agencies to deal
-Perry pre school project 2 groups of disadvantaged african americans aged 3-4 , one group given pre school and educational support with faily having weekly vists fro social worker, by aged 27 intervention group had half the number of arrests then non intervention group
What are the 2 right realism crime preventions?
Situational
Environmental
RR- situational?
Aims to increase the risk of criminal being caught and encourage potential victims to make themselves harder targets
RR- situational example?
-Neighbourhood watch
-Supervision of offenders e.g. electronic tag
-More policing and arrests in high crime areas
-Safer neighbourhood schemes encouraging individuals to take ensures to keep home more sage e.g. shed security
RR- environmental?
Any sign of environmental decline e.g. broken windows, graffiti or antisocial behaviour must be tackled immediately
RR- environmental examples?
-Parents responsibility for child, if not they recieve parenting orders
-Cracking down on antisocial behaviour like graffiti via ASBOS
-Zero tolerance policing
Eval- garland?
Criticises right realism SCP approaches as they ignore the causes of crime and just displace it (crime moves to different areas)
Eval- Felson?
Designing out crime e.g. park benches and getting rid of gennels is effective especially in NYC
Eval- right realism critic of left?
To soft and create excuses for criminals e.g. poverty
Eval- marxist eval on right realism?
Do little to reduce sexual, violent, white collar crime and corporate crime
Eval- left realism critic?
Expensive and little short term improvement in crime rate
Eval- post modernism?
Lyng edge work
Crime may be about individual excitement
