Crime control Flashcards
right wing ideas on social control
- increased surveillance and target hardening
- direct policing and state intervention
- formal social control
right realists like Wilson and Kelling
See the role of the police as one of order maintenance - increasing visibility
2013 Chief inspector Winsor said?
Police should focus on preventing crime rather than catching criminals
- reduces crime and saves money
zero tolerance
- aggressive policing to minor crime to ‘clean up the streets’
- links to broken window theory
- re-emphasise norms and values
Zimring
Found NYPD 1990s strategy reduced homocide rate by 82%
military tactics
- kettling people into groups for hours
- contains protestors/rioters
- shows them whose in charge
welfare state - Murray
Overgenerous benefit system encourages fecklessness, prevents families and individuals from taking responsibility for their actions
‘If you cant afford to bring up your children, they should be adopted’
Stigmatisation
community sanction behaviour rather than tolerating it
left wing ideas on social control
focus on relationships between police, the criminal justice system and community
Lea and Young argue that……
The public lack confidence in the police and believe them to be prejudice
- say it is casued by drift to conflict policing (military style tactics), rather than consensual policing
What do Lea and Young think should happen?
the relationship between police and community needs to be improved
- minimal policing can actively reduce police autonomy and increase their accountability
- so police power should be restricted and not their resources
what can minimal policing be linked to?
Campaigns to ‘defund the police’ eg in USA
What can minimal policing be characterised by?
trust and cooperation as overpolicing of street crime can lead to distrust
Other crimes such as domestic violence are under policed
- undermines justice
- victims feel abandoned by system
- reflects and reinforces institutional bias
- further weakens trust
- serious social and economic impacts
multi-agency working
Promote cooperation between other agencies of social control eg police and council. They all play a role in imporving the moral context of a person’s behaviour.
Lea and Young - coordinated approach
- communicate about families/individuals at risk (both offending and victimisation)
- eg safeguarding policies and the Prevent strategy
underlyign causes of crime are ignored
evaluation point - right
Simon says that ‘changing people’ is difficult and expensive so now there is an increased focus on actions
crime reduction is just displaced
evaluation point - right
- crime will be moved elsewhere
- Clarke argues that some crime will be stopped by removal of temptation
Punishments/sanctions are expanding
evaluation point - right
Davis argues that cities are noe segregated and creates a culture of fear by right wing policies, which may have ‘ominous racial overtones’
long term strategies are unrealistic and ineffective
evaluation point - left
Murray argues that rehabilitation programs from the 60s and 70s were all ‘notorious failures’, which did not produce long term results
