Crime And Punishment-medieval Flashcards
when was the medieval period?
1250-1500
What religion were they?
Roman catholic
God was represented by who on earth?
The king
The kings people were in what 3 groups?
- The clergy (church)
- Lords
- Everyone else
Land was divided into what?and owned by?
Counties and was owned by Lords
Counties divided into what?
Hundreds
Hundreds divided into?
Manors and parishes
Land was divided into what?
Strips for peasants
What was in 1381?
The Peasants Revolt
Work was done with?
Tools and hands
Who were not free to do what they wanted?
Peasants
Animals were kept where at night?why
Inside because they were very valuable
What structured Medieval peoples lives?
Church calender
Ale was drunk because?
Water was too dirty
Percentage of homocide in 1300-1348
18%
Percentage of robbery in 1300-1348
9.5%
Percentage of burglary in 1300-1348
24%
Percentage of theft in 1300-1348
40%
What was classed as murder?
Suicide
Stealing more than what amount was classed as a fellony?
12D
Two examples of petty crimes
Dept, minor harm to person or property
What was to be reported to the coroner, then the king?
Sudden death
Over what amount of murders started from arguments?
50% usually because of hunger
Examples of new crimes in 1350-1400
Scolding, vagrancy, treason
Who fought each other with their own personal armies?
Lords
Name one crime from the 1400s and what it was
Outlaws, feared gang, usually in their state because they avoided court, ambushed travellers
What did the church deal with?
Sins such as gambling and moral crimes like heresy and spreading false beliefs
Three ways to avoid the death penalty
- have powerful friends
- 40days and nights in church and this confess sins to coroner
- join the kings army
- get pregnant
- become kings approver
- benefit of the clergy
Name all 4 law enforcers
Sheriff
Chief Constable of the Hundred
Parish Constable
People
Who was the kings agent in each county
Sheriff
Who gathered a posse when a crime was discovered?
Sheriff
How many chief constables of the hundred were appointed each year?
2
Who ensured men aged 15-60 were equipped with tools for the army?
Chief constable of the hundred
How many parish constables were appointed each year?
1
When did the parish constables ensure every man practiced archery every sunday?
1363
What role did the people have in law enforcement?
Tithings of 10 men
The hue and cry
What 3 things did towns have that the countryside did not in terms of law enforcement ?
Towns had
- watchmen
- borough courts
- church courts
What was similar to hundred courts but had no Lords
Borough courts
One example of a church court law
Sex outside marridge
Name the 4 courts and their purposes
Royal court-fellonies
Quarter assizes-royal judges from London visit county 2/3x per year for fellonies
Justices of the peace-petty crimes in each county
Manor courts-local crimes
When was the quarter assizes created?
1293
When were quarter sessions introduced.
1388
Who were manor courts ran by
Lords
When were watchmen introduced
1285
4 main death penalties
Hanging
Hanging, drawing and quartering
Burned alive
Local variations on hanging
two reasons to be hanged
Murder or 12D+ worth of goods
Reason to be hanged, drawn and quartered
High treason, counterfeit 💰
Two reasons to be burned alive
Petty treason, heresy
Eg of a local variation on hanging
Thrown of the white cliffs of dover
3 main punishments
Fines
Public humiliation
Imprisonment
Three examples of public humiliation
Cucking stool
Pillory
Publicly Confessing sins
What was imprisonment for?
Minor crimes such as debt
Name the 4 reasons why homocide was so high in middle ages😡🤤😵🏚give eg
- anger, eg-william of willington had no money to buy candles so murdered the seller
- Hunger caused by famine
- suicide- a sin against God
- Vagrancy, eg after the black death in 1348 so 3 years later parliament said everyone had to work in their village
What were outlaws?eg
Feared and despised gangs that stole from the rich and gave to the poor
Eg William Faut robbed two unknown men of £10
Name the 5 types of homocide🙋🏼♂️👊🏼😱😵😈
Justifiable homocide Homocide in self-defence Accidental homocide Suicide Murder
