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History > Crime And Punishment-Industrial > Flashcards

Crime And Punishment-Industrial Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the crime rate like from 1750-1900

A

1750-1800 gradual increase
Sharp rise 1815
Slowly rose until 1850
Gradual fall until 1900

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2
Q

What was the most common crime that accounted for as much as 80%

A

Petty Theft

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3
Q

Only ? of crimes involved violence

A

10%

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4
Q

Britains population grew from 6million to ? from 1750-1900

A

37million

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5
Q

People moved to the cities for ?

A

Work in the mills

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6
Q

Name 8 reasons for the increase in crime

A 
Population growth
Industry and trading goods
City growth-assaults 
Poor lodging houses-theft
Overcrowded streets-difficult to police 
Poverty
Returning soldiers from the Napoleonic war-less jobs in ammunition also 
High price of bread
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7
Q

From 1815-1822 wages fell by ?

A

1/3

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8
Q

Who was George Hudson?

A

In 1840 George Hudson (Railway King) swindled shareholders out of huge sums of money

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9
Q

The growth of businesses created new opportunities for

A

White collar crime

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10
Q

What did the enlightenment period mean for people?

A

Philosophers amd scientists began to discuss and change ideas of what it meant to be human.
Lead to human rights

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11
Q

What did the British empire mean for Britain

A

Transportation

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12
Q

In 1900 how much of the world did Britain own?

A

1/5

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13
Q

What was the result of railways between cities

A 
Improved transportation of goods and people.
Middle class men invested in trains and earned huge amounts of money
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14
Q

When was the education act?

A

1870

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15
Q

What did the education act mean for children?

A

Newspapers could be read
Children could be abused at school
Didnt have to work

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16
Q

Until when could only 5% of people vote?

A

1832

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17
Q

When could working class men vote?

A

1884

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18
Q

What did an increase in alcohol consumption mean

A

More violence

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19
Q

When were the Bow Street Runners introduced and what were they

A

1749

Part time constables of 63 men who patrolled the streets until midnight and formed the Bow street Patrol

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20
Q

When was the metropolitan police created?
Who by?
How many in London?

A

1829
Robert Peel
3000 men

21
Q

Why did people oppose the Police

4points

A

The cost
Invasion of privacy
Wouldn’t work
Limit freedom

22
Q

Further laws lead to police?

A

Being introduced across the country

23
Q

What two things happened to trials

A

Lawyers began to act as prosecution and defendants

They became longer and more formal

24
Q

What were 4 continuities of law and order

A

Juries
JPs
Assizes
Petty sessions

25
Q

Name 3 continuities of punihsments

A

Fines
Hanging
Corporal punishments

26
Q

What were 6 changes in punishments in the industrial period

A 
Transportation 1787
New drop- Late 1700
Fewer executions-start of 1800
End of public executions-1868
New drop-late 1800
Prisons became the most important form of punishment
27
Q

In the 1830s how many people were sent to Australia

A

5000

28
Q

When did Transportation end?

A

1868

29
Q

Why was there and end to public executions?

A

Rowdy events which could spark riots

Good place for theft

30
Q

What did the New Drop involve?

A

A more humane of way of execution
The convict would be hung by falling through a trap door
Say goodbye to family

31
Q

When was the goal act

A

1832

32
Q

What did the Gaol Act consist of?

A

JPs visiting Gaols and reporting conditions

33
Q

How did John Howard reform prisons?

A

Clean water

Own cells with bed or hammock

34
Q

How did Elizabeth Fry reform prisons?

A

Female wardens for female prisons

Small School

35
Q

What were two systems that were implace in prisons

A

Separate and silent

36
Q

Which system was it in which prisoners worker, prayed and reflected on their crime and only left there cell to go to the chapel and to exercise?

A

Seperate

37
Q

What was the silent system?

A

Prisoners worker together but in silence. The cells were the same as the separate system.

38
Q

What were the positives and negatives of the separate system?

A

Positive- everyone was in order so it was easy to control

Negative-mental breakdowns, suicide, despair

39
Q

What were the positives and negatives of the silent system?

A

Positives- no longer depressed because they were working together
Negative- the work they did was pointless

40
Q

The separate system was effective because it was easy to manage, why was the silent better though?

A

Prisoners mental health improved so when they were released they weren’t as negatively impacted

41
Q

Name 4 new crimes of the Industrial period

A
  1. Faire-dodging and vandalism of new railways
  2. stealing water from standpipes
  3. failing to send children to school
  4. corrupt bankers embezzling money
42
Q

Name 3 easy targets for robbers caused by economic and social change

A

Factories supplying goods
Banks opening
Middle class homes full of possession

43
Q

One view on crime was by ‘radical thinkers’ what was it?

Lack of?

A

The poor environment that many children grew up in was the main cause of crime.
They placed emphasis on the lack of religion, education and useful work

44
Q

What was a view that the middle class had on crime?

A

Blamed the moral habits of the poor such as drunkenness. A number of people joined the temperance movement.

45
Q

What harsher view did some people have on crime?

A

It was a deliberate choice of poor people
‘Criminal class’
Children inherited criminal tendencies from parents
They could be identified physically

46
Q

Another view on 19thc crime was that publications…

A

Featuring gruesome details of crime and murders were published. Some campaigners said it was influencing young people

47
Q

Name the 5 changed in Law enforcement from 1750-1829🏃🏼‍♀️⚔️📰👮🏻

A

1749-Bow street Runners-John&Henry Fielding
Late1700s- limitations of policing became clear with rise in population and crime
1773- Hue and cry newspaper is started
1829- Peelers (Metropolitan Police)

48
Q

Why was the first proper police force set up in 1829?

A 
Crime increase
Growth of towns had made the old law 
enforcement system ineffective
People feared a revolution 
Gov had become more involved in peoples lives through tax
49
Q

In the late 19th Century what two developments were created

A

Telegraph which sped up communications

Detectives took pictures of crime scenes

History (11 decks)

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