crime and punishment 20th century - PUNISHMENT Flashcards
when was the ‘separate system’ phased out?
1922
when was the practice of flogging prisoners and the use of hard labour as punishment formally abolished?
1948
what did modern prisons focus on?
reducing re-offending rates by providing inmates with education and skills
what are the living conditions in modern prisons?
living conditions improved e.g good diet, healthcare and the right to be treated with dignity
what did the Goldstone committee recommend in 1895?
recommended that young offenders aged 16-21 should be treated differently
what year were the first juvenile courts established?
1908
what year were open prisons introduced?
1933
what did open prisons allow inmates to do?
allowed inmates to have greater freedom e.g often allowed to work outside of the prison
what were open prisons designed to do?
designed to help prisoners prepare for reintegration into society
what year was probation officially introduced?
1907
what was probation?
offenders can serve part of sentence outside of prison and regularly meet a probation officer who helps them reform
when was parole introduced?
1967
what is parole?
after serving a certain amount of sentence, well-behaved prisoners can leave early as long as they agree certain conditions
what was parole designed for?
designed to reduce number of inmates and rehabilitate prisoners by giving them the chance to reintegrate into society
what year were community service orders introduced?
1972
what new punishments were introduced?
monitoring methods e.g electronic tagging
