Crime Flashcards
Forgiveness
Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong
Apathy
A person who has no interest in doing anything
Life imprisonment
A prison sentence that (theoretically) keeps people in jail until they die
Capital punishment
A form of punishment in which a prisoner is put to death for crimes committed. The death penalty.
Early release
When a prisoner is allowed out of prison even thought they have not completed their sentence, or fulfilled the criteria for getting parole
Parole
When a prisoner is released without having completed their sentence, because they have behaved well and accepted their guilt. The prisoner is monitored to try and ensure they do not re-offend.
Prison reform
A movement that tries to ensure offenders are treated humanely in prison
Duty
A moral or legal obligation
Responsibility
A duty to care for or having control over something or someone
Conscience
The inner feeling you are doing something right or wrong
3 causes of crime
Social reasons
Environmental reasons
Psychological reasons
Social reasons as a cause of crime
Surveys show the vast majority of young people in prison have been excluded from school, come from broken homes and often have abusive parents/ parents who break the law.
No role models
Also crime used to finance addictions (eg: alcohol, drugs)
Environmental reasons as a cause of crime
During times of high unemployment, crimes rise.
Gang rivalries increase crime
Un-cared for environments provide the highest crime rates (eg: inadequate housing, overcrowding, deprived backgrounds)
Psychological reasons as causes of crimes
Criminologists say that the majority of people in prison are suffering from mental illness.
Or is it just human nature to be greedy and want more so stealing for example is just human nature?
Non-indictable crimes
Crimes that are less serious and probably won’t result in prison time
Indictable crimes
Serious crimes that the offender may face imprisonment for
Hindu view on punishment
Karma- ‘as a man acts so does he become’= don’t break law! Also supports reform
Ghandi- ‘an eye for an eye and soon the whole world will be blind’
Ahimsa- ‘non-violence in thought word and deed
Christian views on punishment
FORGIVENESS!
Ten Commandments
‘Do not judge least you be judged’
‘Love ur neighbour as yourself’
Lord’s Prayer
‘Let everyone be a subject to the governing authority’
‘Blessed are the merciful. Blessed are the peacemakers’
‘Turn the other cheek’
‘He who is without sin throw the first stone’
Vindication evaluation
N- Not an aim, just to make society work N- inflexible Y- gives law meaning Y- no grey areas Y- fair, no exceptions
Retribution evaluation
N- makes u just as bad as me N- revenge N- 'violence only begets more violence' Y- links to deterrence Y- how would u feel in the same situation- wouldn't u want revenge?
Deterrence evaluation
N- unfair to make an example of someone N- not helpful to the criminal Y- for the greater good Y- consequences Y- stops crimes before they happen
Protection evaluation
N- doesn’t help criminal
N- stigmatise as actively excluding criminal
N- putting a load of criminals in the same place = bad idea
Y- majority over minority
Y- it protects= good thing
Reform evaluation
N- relies on the idea that people can change
N- is it really a punishment?
Y- if it works stops reoffending
‘Good actions don’t make good people. Good people do good acts’ Phillipa foot
Reparation evaluation
N- weak punishment N- can u repay murder? Y- equality Y- focus on societies needs Y- reforms as well as helps society
Young offender
A person under 18 who have broken the law
Why send people to prison
To protect Isolate Stop reoffending (as they are locked away) Vindication A chance to reflect & reform
Disadvantages of prison
Expensive
‘Schools for crime’
Breeds resentment
A large proportion of prisoners reoffend= system not working
Criminal record = hard to get a job = turns back to crime
Breaks down relationships
Religious beliefs on prison (can be applied to most religions)
Needs to happen to make society function
However look for reform
Like education
Arguments for death penalty
Retribution
Deterrence
Protection
Finance? (Without all the appeals would be cheaper)
Arguments against the death penalty
Mistakes
No Reformation
All life is sacred
‘An eye for an eye and soon the whole world will be blind’
‘Let he who is without sin throw the first stone’
Ahimsa- non-violence in thought word and deed
ways to punish a young offender
ASBO
secure training center
Secure children’s home
Young offenders institution
Crime
An offence that is punishable by law
Justice
Bringing about what is right and fair according to the law, or making up for what has been done wrong.
Offender
Someone who has done wrong
Punishment
That which is done to a person because they have broken a law
Repentance
Being truly sorry and trying to change ones behaviour so as not to do the same thing again.
Sin
The breaking of a religious or moral law
Social environment
The background in which a person lives
Religious offence
An offence against religion eg blasphemy
6 aims of punishment
Vindication Reparation Protection Deterrence Reform Retribution
Vindication
An aim of punishment that means offenders must be punished to show that the law must be respected and is right.
Reparation
An aim of punishment designed to help an offender put something back into society
Protection
An aim of punishment to stop a criminal hurting anyone in society
Deterrence
To put people off committing crimes. One of the aims of punishment
Reform
An aim of punishment to change someone’s behaviour for the better.
Retribution
To ‘get your own back’ on the criminal based on the Old Testament teaching of ‘an eye for an eye’. An aim of punishment aimed at being proportionate to the offence committed.
4 Types of crime
Crime against the person
Property crime
Crime against the state
Crime against religion.
Crime against the person
Wrongdoing that directly harms a person eg murder, assault
Property crime
A category of crime that effects people’s property eg arson, burglary, theft
Crimes against religion
An offence against religion eg blasphemy or sacrilege
Crimes against the state
An offence aimed at damaging the government or a country eg treason,
6 types of punishment
Fine Community service Probation Imprisonment Life imprisonment Capital punishment
Fine
A form of punishment in which the offender pays a sum of money
Community service
A form of punishment in which the criminal has to perform tasks useful to society, rather than going to prisoners
Probation
An alternative to prison where an offender has to meet regularly with a probation officer to ensure that they do not reoffend. Movement may be restricted.
Imprisonment
When a person is put in jail for committing a crime
Crime
An offence that is punishable by law
Justice
Bringing about what is right and fair according to the law, or making up for what has been done wrong.
Offender
Someone who has done wrong
Punishment
That which is done to a person because they have broken a law
Repentance
Being truly sorry and trying to change ones behaviour so as not to do the same thing again.
Sin
The breaking of a religious or moral law
Social environment
The background in which a person lives
Religious offence
An offence against religion eg blasphemy
6 aims of punishment
Vindication Reparation Protection Deterrence Reform Retribution
Vindication
An aim of punishment that means offenders must be punished to show that the law must be respected and is right.
Reparation
An aim of punishment designed to help an offender put something back into society
Protection
An aim of punishment to stop a criminal hurting anyone in society
Deterrence
To put people off committing crimes. One of the aims of punishment
Reform
An aim of punishment to change someone’s behaviour for the better.
Retribution
To ‘get your own back’ on the criminal based on the Old Testament teaching of ‘an eye for an eye’. An aim of punishment aimed at being proportionate to the offence committed.
4 Types of crime
Crime against the person
Property crime
Crime against the state
Crime against religion.
Crime against the person
Wrongdoing that directly harms a person eg murder, assault
Property crime
A category of crime that effects people’s property eg arson, burglary, theft
Crimes against religion
An offence against religion eg blasphemy or sacrilege
Crimes against the state
An offence aimed at damaging the government or a country eg treason,
6 types of punishment
Fine Community service Probation Imprisonment Life imprisonment Capital punishment
Fine
A form of punishment in which the offender pays a sum of money
Community service
A form of punishment in which the criminal has to perform tasks useful to society, rather than going to prisoners
Probation
An alternative to prison where an offender has to meet regularly with a probation officer to ensure that they do not reoffend. Movement may be restricted.
Imprisonment
When a person is put in jail for committing a crime
