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Development, Planning And The State > Creeping Intervention > Flashcards

Creeping Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

Problem of population growth in Victorian cities?

A

The cities physical growth did now grow as quickly

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2
Q

Key factors of public health problems?

A

Intense concentrations of people

Lack of decent accommodation

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3
Q

Garden city movement?

A

Combines land market intervention and application design principles to the physical environment
Rests on Utopianism, a strong labour movement, social harmony

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4
Q

Comparing bye law to garden layouts?

A

Bye law housing 20-50 dwellings to the acre

Garden layouts 8-10

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5
Q

Exemplary development

A

Bournville
Cadbury’s chocolate manufacturers 1888
Rents within reach for better off workers- 8 acre

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6
Q

When could decent workers housing be built?

A

Cheap land at the urban fringe

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7
Q

What are the two aspects of land rent

A

Allocative- bid rent

Transfer- transfers wealth from the users of the land to the owners

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8
Q

Betterment theory

A

Fixed supply of land and demand is rising

Owners benefit but have contributed nothing

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9
Q

Henry George on land value taxation?

A

All expenditure could be financed by a single tax system based on the taxation of land values

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10
Q

In the later years of the 19th century

A

Interest in reforming the operation of the land market
Prospect of radical intervention
Land nationalisation society was founded
Pursued the aim of the gradual elimination of private property in land

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11
Q

Who was Ebenezer Howard

A

Member of the land nationalisation society

A Christian socialist

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12
Q

What kind of development did Ebenezer Howard favour?

A

Social city
Land is purchased at agricultural value
To allow the community to benefit from increases in land value

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13
Q

What was the first town planning legislation?

A

1909 Housing town planning act
Permissive
No powers for municipalities to buy land at urban fringe
Radical edge- 50% betterment levy

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14
Q

What prime minister intervened in working class housing?

A

Lloyd George
Homes fit for hero’s 1918
Massive expansion of working class housing

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15
Q

What did the 1919 housing and town planning act do?

A

Obliged local authorities to prepare surveys of housing need and strategies to meet it
Introduced subsidies for housing construction

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16
Q

Act made in 1924?

A

The Wealtley Act

Confirmed local authorities role as house builders

17
Q

Who was responsible for the quality of working class housing?

A

Committee chaired by Sir John Tudor Walters
Considered housing standards
Advised by Raymond Unwin

18
Q

What was the quality of working class housing?

A

Garden city standards

12 dwellings to the acre

19
Q

Example of post WW1 local authority working class estate?

A

Kingstanding

20
Q

Geographic pattern of unemployment?

A 
1930-36
16.9% Nationally 
7.8% South East 
30% in Wales 
Above National in the north east, north west and Scotland
21
Q

Effect of uneven development?

A

Suburbanisation of south east

22
Q

Regional issue?

A

Decline of industrial regions and growth of London occurring side by side

23
Q

Which government felt pressure and to do what?

A

1937 government felt pressure
Established the royal commission on the distribution of the industrial population
Considered disadvantages in these areas and reported what remedial measures should be taken

24
Q

1937 concern over booming areas?

A

Traffic congestion

High site values- no parks

25
Q

How did WW2 effect planning?

A

Shift in social attitude

Consensus that planning is practical and sensible- “Plan we must” Thomas Sharpe

26
Q

How did WW2 effect politics?

A

Landslide labour victory in 1945

Legislation that followed

27
Q

Documents the appeared under cover of WW2?

A

Barlow report
Uthwatt report 1942
Scott Repot 1944- white paper on the control of land use

28
Q

Post war planning legislation?

A

1946 New Tows act

1947 Town and Country planning act

29
Q

1947 act?

A

Implemented recommendations of the Uthwatt report

Produced a definition of development

30
Q

What happened after the 1947 act?

A

Most development requires planning permission
Community would take 100% of development value
Local authorities determine land use- move away from land market

31
Q

Post war welfare state?

A 
Universal health 
Social service benefits 
Committed to full employment 
Social services- Children’s act 1948
Education act 1944- comprehensive education up to 15
32
Q

Expansion of government?

A

Local government became a large part of the welfare state
Massive increase in education and housing spending
Massive increase in LA expenditure

33
Q

Political consensus at the time?

A

Feeling that long boom would last forever

People saw public spending as beneficial

34
Q

Crisis years?

A 
70’s 
Doubts Keynesianism 
Arrival of stagflation
Oil price hike 1972 
IMF cut

Development, Planning And The State (11 decks)

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